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作者：Deschenes, Olivier; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the effect of extreme weather on life expectancy in the United States. Using high-frequency data, we find that both extreme heat and cold result in immediate increases in mortality. The increase in mortality following extreme heat appears mostly driven by near-term displacement, while the increase in mortality following extreme cold is long lasting. We estimate that the number of annual deaths attributable to cold temperature is 0.8% of average annual deaths in our sample. The long...
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作者：Mahajan, Aprajit
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：This paper estimates a price elasticity using a flexible demand specification on survey data where prices are observed with errors and are correlated with household characteristics. The demand function is modeled as a polynomial/trigonometric in the unobserved true prices, and the form of the dependency between the observed prices and household characteristics is modeled parametrically. I identify and estimate the model by adapting the approach of Hausmann et al. (1991) and Schennach (2004). T...
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作者：Woo, Jaejoon
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); DePaul University
摘要：We study the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy to explain why some countries exhibit procyclical fiscal policy stances-being expansionary in good times and contractionary in bad times. We develop a model that links the polarization of preferences over fiscal spending to the procyclicality bias. We then present evidence that social polarization as measured by income inequality and educational inequality is consistently and positively associated with fiscal procyclicality, even after controllin...
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作者：Currie, Janet; Hanushek, Eric A.; Kahn, E. Megan; Neidell, Matthew; Rivkin, Steven G.
作者单位：Columbia University; Stanford University; Amherst College
摘要：We examine the effect of air pollution on school absences using administrative data for elementary and middle school children in 39 of the largest school districts in Texas merged with air quality information maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency. We address potentially confounding factors with a difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy that controls for persistent characteristics of schools, years, and attendance periods. Of the pollutants considered, we find that high car...
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作者：Tarozzi, Alessandro; Deaton, Angus
作者单位：Duke University; Princeton University
摘要：Recent years have seen widespread use of small-area maps based on census data enriched by relationships estimated from household surveys that predict variables, such as income, not covered by the census. The purpose is to obtain putatively precise estimates of poverty and inequality for small areas for which no or few observations are available in the survey. We argue that to usefully match survey and census data in this way requires a degree of spatial homogeneity for which the method provide...
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作者：Lee, Chul-In; Solon, Gary
作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Michigan State University
摘要：Previous studies of recent U. S. trends in intergenerational income mobility have produced widely varying results, partly because of large sampling errors. By making more efficient use of the available information in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we generate more reliable estimates of the recent time series variation in intergenerational mobility. Our results, which pertain to the cohorts born between 1952 and 1975, do not reveal major changes in intergenerational mobility.
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作者：Earle, John S.; Peter, Klara Sabirianova
作者单位：Central European University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：We present and estimate a model with strategic complementarities in firms' choices of on-time or delayed wage payment. Linked employer-employee panel data from Russia facilitate identification of the endogenous interactions through fixed effects for firms, workers, and local labor markets, and instrumental variables based on policy interventions. The estimated reaction function displays strongly positive neighborhood effects, and the estimated feedback loops-worker quits, effort, strikes, and ...
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作者：Bobonis, Gustavo J.; Finan, Frederico
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper identifies neighborhood peer effects on children's school enrollment decisions using experimental evidence from the Mexican PROGRESA program. We use exogenous variation in the school participation of program-eligible children to identify peer effects on the schooling decisions of ineligible children residing in treatment communities. We find that peers have considerable influence on the enrollment decisions of program-ineligible children, and these effects are concentrated among chi...
