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作者：Garibaldi, Pietro; Giavazzi, Francesco; Ichino, Andrea; Rettore, Enrico
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; University of Bologna; University of Bologna; University of Padua
摘要：University tuition typically remains constant throughout the years of enrollment while delayed degree completion is increasingly a problem for academic institutions around the world. Theory suggests that if continuation tuition were raised, the probability of late graduation would be reduced. Using a regression discontinuity design on data from Bocconi University in Italy, we show that a 1,000 euro increase in continuation tuition reduces the probability of late graduation by 5.2% when the ben...
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作者：Pinotti, Paolo
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：Government regulation of firms is associated with more negative externalities and unofficial activity across countries. I argue that this correlation mainly reflects causality going from concerns about market failures to demand for government intervention. Using trust in others as a proxy for such concerns, I show that differences in trust explain a great deal of variation in entry regulations. Then, controlling for trust in the regression of market failures on regulation, the latter is no lon...
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作者：Nevo, Aviv; Rosen, Adam M.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Dealing with endogenous regressors is a central challenge of applied research. The standard solution is to use instrumental variables that are assumed to be uncorrelated with unobservables. We instead allow the instrumental variable to be correlated with the error term, but we assume the correlation between the instrumental variable and the error term has the same sign as the correlation between the endogenous regressor and the error term and that the instrumental variable is less correlated w...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Garthwaite, Craig
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Northwestern University
摘要：We exploit increases in postpartum length of stay generated by legislative changes in the late 1990s to identify the impact of greater hospital care on the health of newborns. Using all births in California over the 1995 2000 period, two-stage least-square estimates show that increased treatment intensity had a modest impact on readmission probabilities for the average newborn. Allowing the treatment effect to vary by two objective measures of medical need demonstrates that the law had large i...
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作者：Adams, Scott; Blackburn, McKinley L.; Cotti, Chad D.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
摘要：Using cross-state variation in minimum wages, we observe a positive relationship between the minimum wage and the number of alcohol-related accidents involving teen drivers. A similar effect is not observed when examining accidents among adults. The results are consistent with a positive income elasticity for alcoholic beverages and driving activities among young people, in particular for consumption out of discretionary income accorded by higher minimum wages. Evidence of a sizable impact of ...
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作者：Rosenthal, Stuart S.; Strange, William C.
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Toronto
摘要：Female entrepreneurs may be less networked than their male counterparts and so derive less benefit from agglomeration. They may also have greater domestic burdens and therefore have higher commuting costs. This paper develops a theoretical model showing that either of these forces can lead to the segregation of male- and female-owned businesses, with female entrepreneurs choosing locations farther from agglomerations and commuting shorter distances. Empirical analysis is consistent with these ...
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作者：Iyer, Lakshmi; Mani, Anandi
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Warwick
摘要：We develop a framework to empirically examine how politicians with electoral pressures control bureaucrats with career concerns and the consequent implications for bureaucrats' career investments. Unique microlevel data on Indian bureaucrats support our key predictions. Politicians use frequent reassignments (transfers) across posts of varying importance to control bureaucrats. High-skilled bureaucrats face less frequent political transfers and lower variability in the importance of their post...
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作者：Carluccio, Juan; Fally, Thibault
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We develop a simple model to study the interactions between a supplier's financial constraints and contract incompleteness in a vertical relationship. Applied to the analysis of multinational firms' sourcing strategies, the model predicts: (i) that complex and specific inputs are more likely to be sourced from financially developed countries and (ii) that multinationals are more likely to integrate suppliers located in countries with poor financial institutions, especially when trade involves ...
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作者：Dimmock, Stephen G.
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University
摘要：This paper tests the effect of background risk on university endowment portfolios, where background risk is defined as the volatility of universities' nonfinancial income. The results show that higher background risk is associated with lower portfolio standard deviations. Universities with higher background risk invest significantly more in fixed income and less in alternative assets. A 1 standard deviation increase in background risk increases the allocation to fixed income by approximately 1...
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作者：de Janvry, Alain; Finan, Frederico; Sadoulet, Elisabeth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes how electoral incentives affected the performance of a major decentralized conditional cash transfer program intended on reducing school dropout rates among children of poor households in Brazil. We show that while this federal program successfully reduced school dropout by 8 percentage points, the program's impact was 36% larger in municipalities governed by mayors who faced reelection possibilities compared to those with lame-duck mayors. First-term mayors with good progr...
