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作者：Kniesner, Thomas J.; Viscusi, W. Kip; Woock, Christopher; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：Syracuse University; Vanderbilt University; University of Kentucky
摘要：We address long-standing concerns in the literature on compensating wage differentials: the econometric properties of the estimated value of statistical life (VSL) and the wide range of such estimates. We confront prominent econometric issues using panel data, a more accurate fatality risk measure, and systematic application of panel data estimators. Controlling for measurement error, endogeneity, latent individual heterogeneity possibly correlated with regressors, state dependence, and sample...
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作者：Nunn, Nathan; Puga, Diego
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We show that geography, through its impact on history, can have important effects on economic development today. The analysis focuses on the historic interaction between ruggedness and Africa's slave trades. Although rugged terrain hinders trade and most productive activities, negatively affecting income globally, rugged terrain within Africa afforded protection to those being raided during the slave trades. Since the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, ruggedness within Afr...
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作者：Conley, Timothy G.; Hansen, Christian B.; Rossi, Peter E.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used to identify causal effects in models with endogenous explanatory variables. Often the instrument exclusion restriction that underlies the validity of the usual IV inference is suspect; that is, instruments are only plausibly exogenous. We present practical methods for performing inference while relaxing the exclusion restriction. We illustrate the approaches with empirical examples that examine the effect of 401(k) participation on asset accum...
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作者：Andreou, Elena; Werker, Bas J. M.
作者单位：University of Cyprus; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper presents an alternative method to derive the limiting distribution of residual-based statistics. Our method does not impose an explicit assumption of (asymptotic) smoothness of the statistic of interest with respect to the model's parameters and thus is especially useful in cases where such smoothness is difficult to establish. Instead, we use a locally uniform convergence in distribution condition, which is automatically satisfied by residual-based specification test statistics. To...
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作者：Belot, Michele; Bhaskar, V.; van de Ven, Jeroen
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; University College London; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We investigate whether experimental subjects can predict behavior in a prisoner's dilemma played on a TV show. Subjects report probabilistic beliefs that a player cooperates, before and after the players communicate. Subjects correctly predict that women and players who make a voluntary promise are more likely to cooperate. They are able to distinguish truth from lies when a player is asked about her intentions by the host. Subjects are to some extent able to predict behavior; their beliefs ar...
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作者：Chotikapanich, Duangkamon; Griffiths, William E.; Rao, D. S. Prasada; Valencia, Vicar
作者单位：Monash University; University of Melbourne; University of Queensland; Rochester Institute of Technology
摘要：Using a method-of-moments estimator, flexible three-parameter beta distributions are fitted to aggregate country-level income data to overcome an untenable assumption of previous studies that persons within each income group receive the same income. Regional and global income distributions are derived as weighted mixtures of country-specific distributions. Analytical expressions for Gini and Theil's measures of inequality at country, regional, and global levels are derived in terms of the para...
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作者：Brambilla, Irene; Porto, Guido; Tarozzi, Alessandro
作者单位：National University of La Plata; Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：In 2003, after claims of dumping, the United States imposed heavy tariffs on Vietnamese catfish, which led to a collapse of imports. We use panel data to explore household responses in the catfish-producing Mekong delta between 2002 and 2004 and find that income growth was significantly slower among households relatively more involved in catfish farming in 2002. This is explained by a relative decline in both catfish income and revenues from other miscellaneous farm activities. Labor supply di...
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作者：Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In this paper we analyze the long-run impact of immigration on employment, productivity, and its skill bias. We use the existence of immigrant communities across U.S. states before 1960 and the distance from the Mexican border as instruments for immigration flows. We find no evidence that immigrants crowded out employment. At the same time, we find that immigration had a strong, positive association with total factor productivity and a negative association with the high skill bias of productio...
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作者：Auffhammer, Maximilian; Steinhauser, Ralf
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Australian National University
摘要：We compare the most common reduced-form models used for emissions forecasting, point out shortcomings, and suggest improvements. Using a U.S. state-level panel data set of CO2 emissions, we test the performance of existing models against a large universe of potential reduced-form models. We find that leading models in the literature, as well as models selected based on an emissions per capita loss measure or different in-sample selection criteria, perform significantly worse compared to the be...
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作者：Bianchi, Milo
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine
摘要：This paper shows that utility differences between the self-employed and employees increase with financial development. This effect is explained not by increased profits but by an increased value of nonmonetary benefits, in particular job independence. We interpret these findings by building a simple occupational choice model in which financial constraints may impede the creation of firms and depress labor demand, thereby pushing some individuals into self-employment for lack of salaried jobs. ...
