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作者：Mazzolari, Francesca; Ragusa, Giuseppe
作者单位：Luiss Guido Carli University
摘要：The least-skilled workforce in the United States is disproportionally employed in the provision of time-intensive services that can be thought of as market substitutes for home production activities. At the same time, skilled workers, with their high opportunity cost of time, spend a larger fraction of their budget in these services. Given the skill asymmetry between consumers and providers in this market, product demand shifts-such as those arising when relative skilled wages increase-should ...
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作者：Siminski, Peter
作者单位：University of Wollongong
摘要：Exploiting Australia's National Service lotteries of 1965 to 1972, I estimate the effect of army service on employment outcomes. Population data from military personnel records, tax returns, veterans' compensation records, and the Census facilitate a rich and precise analysis, identified by 53,000 complying conscripts. The estimated employment effect is -12 percentage points (95% CI: -13, -11) overall, -37 for those who served in Vietnam and 0 for those who served only in Australia. It emerged...
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作者：Chen, Yu-Chin; Tsang, Kwok Ping
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：Since the term structure of interest rates embodies information about future economic activity, we extract relative Nelson-Siegel (1987) factors from cross-country yield curve differences to proxy expected movements in future exchange rate fundamentals. Using monthly data for the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, and the United States, we show that the yield curve factors predict exchange rate movements and explain excess currency returns one month to two years ahead. Our results provide support ...
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作者：Shen, Chan
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：This paper studies three interrelated health care decisions: insurance, utilization, and expenditures. The model treats insurance as an endogenous variable with respect to both utilization and expenditures, addresses potential selection issues, and takes into account that the decisions to use health care and the level of treatment are determined by different decision makers. We employ semiparametric methods to avoid making distributional assumptions. Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ...
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作者：Albouy, David
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In a two-party legislature, districts represented by the majority may receive greater funds if majority-party legislators have greater proposal power or disproportionately form coalitions with each other. Funding types received by districts may depend on their legislators' party identity when party preferences differ. Estimates from the United States, using fixed-effect and regression-discontinuity designs, indicate that states represented by members of Congress in the majority receive greater...
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作者：Takalo, Tuomas; Tanayama, Tanja; Toivanen, Otto
作者单位：Bank of Finland; KU Leuven
摘要：We study the expected welfare effects of targeted R&D subsidies using project-level data from Finland. We model the application and R&D investment decisions of firms and the subsidy-granting decision of the public agency in charge of the program. Our model and institutional environment allow us to identify different benefits and costs of the R&D subsidy program. We find that expected effects of subsidies are very heterogeneous and estimated application costs low on average. The social rate of ...
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作者：Cohen, Alma; Dehejia, Rajeev; Romanov, Dmitri
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using panel data on over 300,000 Israeli women from 1999 to 2005, we exploit variation in Israel's child subsidy to identify the impact of changes in the price of a marginal child on fertility. We find a positive, statistically significant, and economically meaningful price effect on overall fertility and, consistent with Becker (1960) and Becker and Tomes (1976), a small effect of income on fertility, which is negative at low and positive at high income levels. We also find a price effect on ...
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作者：Levinsohn, James; McLaren, Zoe M.; Shisana, Olive; Zuma, Khangelani
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa
摘要：We use econometric methods based on the propensity score to estimate the causal effect of HIV status on employment outcomes in South Africa. Relying on rich data from a national survey, which included HIV testing, we control for systematic differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. We provide the first nationally representative estimates of the impact of HIV status on employment outcomes for southern Africa. Being HIV positive is associated with an increase of 6 to 7 percen...
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作者：Petrin, Amil; Sivadasan, Jagadeesh
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We propose a new measure of allocative efficiency based on unrealized increases in aggregate productivity growth. We show that the difference in the value of the marginal product of an input and its marginal cost at any plant-the plant-input gap-is exactly equal to the change in aggregate output that would occur if that plant changed that input's use by one unit. We show how to estimate this gap using plant-level data for 1982 to 1994 from Chilean manufacturing. We find the gaps for blue- and ...
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作者：Kelchtermans, Stijn; Veugelers, Reinhilde
作者单位：KU Leuven; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：The paper contributes to the debate on top performance in research productivity, its persistence over time, and the impact of gender. It uses a panel data set comprising the publications of all biomedical and exact scientists at the University of Leuven in the period 1992 to 2001. We find that women have a significant lower probability of reaching top performance for the first time in their career, particularly for top performance measured through citations, but there is no evidence for a gend...
