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作者：Lovenheim, Michael F.; Mumford, Kevin J.
作者单位：Cornell University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper uses wealth changes driven by housing market variation to estimate the effect of family resources on fertility decisions. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that a $100,000 increase in housing wealth among home owners causes a 16% to 18% increase in the probability of having a child. There is no evidence of an effect of MSA-level housing price growth on the fertility of renters, however. We also present evidence that housing wealth growth increases total fer...
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作者：Bonnet, Celine; Dubois, Pierre; Boas, Sofia B. Villas; Klapper, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; INRAE; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：How a cost shock is passed through to final consumer prices may relate to nominal price stickiness and rigidities, the existence of nonadjustable cost components, strategic markup adjustments, or other contract terms along the supply distribution chain. This paper presents a simple framework to assess the potential role of nonlinear pricing contracts and vertical restraints, such as resale price maintenance or wholesale price discrimination in the supply chain, in explaining the degree of pass...
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作者：Murtin, Fabrice
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper analyzes the long-term economic determinants of the demographic transition using a large panel of countries since 1870. A simple theoretical framework accounts for the possibly nonmonotonic variations of fertility in the course of economic development. As predicted by unified growth theory, I find that primary schooling, rather than income or health-related variables, is the most robust determinant of the fertility transition. As regards the health transition, both education and inc...
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作者：Rose, Morgan J.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：Using data on subprime mortgages from ten cities, I examine geographic variation in the effects of prepayment penalties, balloon loans, and reduced documentation on the probabilities of foreclosure and prepayment. Results indicate that across cities, reduced documentation is consistently related to higher probabilities of foreclosure, and prepayment penalties are consistently related to lower probabilities of prepayment. Prepayment penalties and balloon loans are more sporadically associated w...
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作者：Giuri, Paola; Mariani, Myriam
作者单位：University of Bologna; Bocconi University
摘要：This paper discusses the role of education in shaping the geographical breadth of knowledge spillovers. Data pertaining to 6,051 European inventions reveal that inventors with a high level of education, such as a university or doctoral degree, rely more on external spillovers regardless of the geographical location of their sources. Controlling for this effect, they also access geographically wider knowledge spillovers. This result holds after controlling for alternative explanations, such as ...
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作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer; McIntosh, Craig; Sims, Katharine R. E.; Welch, Jarrod R.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Amherst College
摘要：We study the consequences of poverty-alleviation programs for environmental degradation. We exploit the community-level eligibility discontinuity for a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico to identify the impacts of income increases on deforestation and use the program's initial randomized rollout to explore household responses. We find that additional income raises consumption of land-intensive goods and increases deforestation. The observed production response and deforestation increa...
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作者：Carey, Colleen; Shore, Stephen H.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Countercyclical variation in individuals' idiosyncratic labor income risk could generate substantial welfare costs. Following past research, we infer income volatility the variance of permanent income shocks, a standard proxy for income risk from the rate at which cross-sectional variances of income rise over the life cycle for a given cohort. Our novelty lies in exploiting cross-state variation in state economic conditions or state sensitivity to national economic conditions. We find that inc...
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作者：Behrens, Kristian; Corcos, Gregory; Mion, Giordano
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We investigate the 2008-2009 trade collapse using microdata from a small open economy, Belgium. Belgian exports and imports mostly fell because of smaller quantities sold and unit prices charged rather than fewer firms, trading partners, and products being involved in trade. Our difference-in-difference results point to a fall in the demand for tradables as the main driver of the collapse. Finance and involvement in global value chains played a minor role. Firm-level exports-to-turnover and im...
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作者：Amiti, Mary; Khandelwal, Amit K.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The production of high-quality goods is often viewed as a precondition for export success and economic development. We provide the first evidence that countries' import tariffs affect the rate at which they upgrade product quality. Our analysis uses highly disaggregated data covering exports from 56 countries across 10,000 products to the United States using a novel approach to measure quality. As predicted by distance-to-the-frontier models, we find that lower tariffs are associated with qual...
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作者：Eberhardt, Markus; Helmers, Christian; Strauss, Hubert
作者单位：University of Nottingham; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：A large body of literature estimates private returns to R&D adopting the Griliches knowledge production framework, which ignores the potential impact of spillovers on consistent estimation. Using a panel of twelve manufacturing industries across ten OECD economies, we investigate whether ignoring spillovers leads to bias in the estimated private returns to R&D. We compare results from a common factor framework, which accounts for spillovers and other unobserved shocks, to those from a standard...
