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作者：Britto, Diogo G. C.
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：Lump-sum job displacement policies (e.g., severance pay) are often presented as a better alternative to contingent policies (e.g., unemployment insurance) in the context of developing countries, under the rationale that the former are less harmful to formal employment as they do not incentivize substitution from formal to informal jobs. First, this paper provides original evidence on the employment effects of lump-sum income in the context of a developing country with high labor informality. A...
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作者：Murphy, David M. A.; Nourani, Vesall; Lee, David R.
作者单位：Colgate University; University of Chicago; Cornell University
摘要：This paper shows the causal relationship between mutual religious association and the formation of social ties. We analyze dyadic relationships and show that joint attendance at a religious institution (RI) increases the probability of sharing information with and trusting a peer. We use a novel spatial instrumental variable strategy that combines insights from homestead inheritance institutions with triangular distances between peers and RI locations within villages in Kenya. We find that sha...
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作者：Gaessler, Fabian; Wagner, Stefan
作者单位：European School of Management & Technology
摘要：Pharmaceutical firms enjoy market exclusivity for new drugs from concurrent patent protection and exclusivity of the clinical trials data submitted for market approval. Patent invalidation during drug development renders data exclusivity the sole source of protection and shifts the period of market exclusivity. In instrumental variables regressions, we quantify the effect of a one-year reduction in expected market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely d...
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作者：Lewis, Daniel J.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Identification via heteroskedasticity exploits variance changes between regimes to identify parameters in simultaneous equations. Weak identification occurs when shock variances change very little or multiple variances change close to proportionally, making standard inference unreliable. I propose an F-test for weak identification in a common simple version of the model. More generally, I establish conditions for validity of nonconservative robust inference on subsets of the parameters, which ...
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作者：Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; Blakeslee, David S.; Hoover, Matthew; Linden, Leigh; Raju, Dhushyanth; Ryan, Stephen P.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; Gallup, Inc.; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; Washington University (WUSTL); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We evaluate a program that recruited local entrepreneurs to open and operate new schools in 200 underserved villages in Sindh, Pakistan. School operators received a per student subsidy to provide tuition-free primary education, and half the villages received a higher subsidy for females. The program increased enrollment by 32 percentage points and test scores by 0.63 standard deviations, with no difference across the two subsidy schemes. Estimating a structural model of the demand and supply f...
