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作者：Leard, Benjamin; Linn, Joshua; Zhou, Yichen Christy
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Clemson University
摘要：During historical periods in which U.S. fuel economy standards were unchanging, automakers increased performance but not fuel economy, contrasting with recent periods of tightening standards and rising fuel economy. This paper evaluates the welfare consequences of automakers forgoing performance increases to raise fuel economy as standards have tightened since 2012. Using a unique data set and a novel approach to account for fuel economy and performance endogeneity, we find undervaluation of f...
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作者：Gruber, Jonathan; Hoe, Thomas P.; Stoye, George
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study how emergency department (ED) doctors respond to incentives to reduce wait times. We use bunching techniques to study an English policy that imposed strong incentives to treat patients within four hours. The policy reduced time spent in the ED by 21 minutes for affected patients yet caused doctors to increase treatment intensity and admit more patients. We find a striking 14% reduction in mortality. Analysis of patient severity and hospital crowding strongly suggests it is the wait ti...
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作者：Leiva-Leon, Danilo; Uzeda, Luis
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Canada
摘要：We introduce a new class of time-varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP-VARs) where the identified structural innovations are allowed to influence the dynamics of the coefficients in these models. An estimation algorithm and a parameterization conducive to model comparison are also provided. We apply our framework to the U.S. economy. Scenario analysis suggests that once accounting for the influence of structural shocks on the autoregressive coefficients, the effects of monetary policy ...
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作者：Bartling, Bjoern; Fehr, Ernst; Ozdemir, Yagiz
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：The widespread use of markets leads to unprecedented material well-being in many societies. We study whether market interaction, as a side effect, erodes moral values. In an influential paper, Falk and Szech (2013) provide experimental data that seem to suggest that market interaction erodes moral values. Although we replicate their main treatment effect, we show that additional treatments are necessary to corroborate their conclusion. These treatments reveal that playing repeatedly, and not ...
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作者：Daniele, Federica; Stueber, Heiko
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：How large is volatility due to large firms? We answer this question through both reduced-form analysis and a calibration exercise. First, we exploit time and spatial variation across German cities and show that higher concentration is associated with more persistent local business cycles, and local concentration Granger causes local employment volatility. From a business cycle perspective, we find evidence in favor of granularity-driven recessions only. Next, we calibrate a structural model al...
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作者：Drenik, Andres; Jager, Simon; Plotkin, Pascuel; Schoefer, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate how much firms differentiate pay premia between regular and outsourced workers in temp agency work arrangements. We leverage unique Argentinian administrative data that feature links between user firms (the workplaces where temp workers perform their labor) and temp agencies (their formal employers). We estimate that a high-wage user firm that pays a regular worker a 10% premium pays a temp worker on average only a 4.9% premium, compared to what these workers would earn in a low-wa...
