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作者：Paredes, Valentina; Paserman, M. Daniele; Pino, Francisco J.
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We provide direct evidence on explicit and implicit biases against women among students in economics relative to other fields. We conducted a large scale survey among undergraduates in Chile, among both entering first-year students and students in years 2 and above, combining a wide battery of measures to create an index of gender bias. Economics students are more biased than students in other fields. There is some evidence that economics students are more biased already upon entry, before exp...
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作者：Phillips, David C.; Sullivan, James X.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper provides the first evidence from a randomized controlled trial isolating the impact of financial assistance to prevent homelessness. In this study, individuals and families at imminent risk of homelessness were offered temporary financial assistance, averaging nearly $2,000 for those assigned to treatment. Our results show that this assistance significantly reduces homelessness by 3.8 percentage points from a base rate of 4.1%. The effects are larger for people with a history of hom...
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作者：Bulte, Erwin; Di Falco, Savatore; Kassie, Menale; Vollenweider, Xavier
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; University of Geneva; International Centre of Insect Physiology & Ecology (ICIPE)
摘要：Low productivity in agriculture is a major cause of povertyand food insecurity in Africa. One explanation for low productivity is thewidespread presence of low-quality inputs on local markets (lemon tech-nologies), which causes uncertainty among farmers and erodes incentivesfor adoption. We report the results from a field experiment in Tanzania tostudy the impact of improved maize seeds in a context where we exoge-nously vary seed quality and uncertainty about seed type. The analysis isat the ...
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作者：Teso, Edoardo
作者单位：Northwestern University; Bocconi University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：I leverage a new panel on the contributions to members of the U.S. Congress (MCs) from 401,557 corporate leaders of 14,807 U.S. corporations over 1999-2018 to show that U.S. corporate elites use contributions to political campaigns as a tool of political influence. Donations increase by 11% when a politician is assigned to a committee dealing with policy issues relevant to a corporate leader's company. The effect is driven by donations to MCs with the greatest power in the committees. I estima...
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作者：Butikofer, Aline; Dalla-Zuanna, Antonio; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper demonstrates that a large economic shock such as an oil boom increases intergenerational earnings mobility among directly affected men, mostly through increased bottom-up mobility, but not for women. Preexisting local differences in mobility or shifts in the earnings distributions do not drive these findings. Instead, changes in relative earnings paid to workers with different skills offer the best explanation. Moreover, we document that intergenerational mobility is significantly h...
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作者：Schiffbauer, Marc; Sampi, James; Coronado, Javier
作者单位：The World Bank; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru; Universidad de Piura
摘要：This paper uses new data on the removal of local, sector-specificbarriers to firm entry across 1,800 municipalities in Peru to estimate theimpact on firm productivity and markups. New legislation in 2013 strength-ened the national competition authority's mandate to enforce the elimi-nation of local entry barriers, providing a quasi-experimental setting toidentify the impact of competition on productivity within the controlledinstitutional environment of a single country. We find that the elimi...
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作者：Dugoua, Eugenie
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful in solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low and with the often-heard narrative t...
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作者：Morales, Nicolas
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond
摘要：This article aims to understand the relationship between high-skill immigration and multinational activity. I assemble a firm-level dataseton high-skill visas and show that there is a large home bias effect: foreignmultinationals hire more immigrants from their home countries than fromother origins. I then build and estimate a quantitative model that relatesmultinational production with immigration. First, I impose a restrictive im-migration policy in the United States and evaluate how it affe...
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作者：Dahis, Ricardo; Schiavon, Laura; Scot, Thiago
作者单位：Monash University; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; The World Bank
摘要：In the absence of strong incentives, public service delivery is crucially dependent on bureaucrat selection. Despite wide adoption by governments, it is unclear whether civil service examinations reliably select for job performance. We investigate this question focusing on state judges in Brazil. Exploring monthly data on judicial output and cross-court movement, we estimate that judges account for at least 23% of the observed variation in the number of cases disposed. With novel data on admis...
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作者：Baselgia, Enea; Martinez, Isabel Z.
作者单位：University of St Gallen; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We show that over the 20th century, the ratio of private wealth to national income, beta(pt), in Switzerland did not follow a U-shaped pattern, thereby contrasting the evolution in most European countries. Instead, the ratio was exceptionally stable at around 500%. We argue that this consistently high beta(pt )was the result of geopolitical factors combined with Switzerland's capital-friendly policymaking. Since the turn of the century, however, beta(pt )has been on a rapid rise to reach 793% ...
