作者：Anderson, James E.; Zhang, Penglong
作者单位：Boston College; Tsinghua University
摘要：Export promotion at the extensive margin is a key concern ofgovernments. We develop measures of how far firms in origin sectors arefrom break-even entry in destination markets. The measure is based on Al-most Ideal gravity featuring heterogeneous price and income elasticities.Tobit estimation of 2006 trade flows for 75 countries and 25 sectors gener-ates latent trade bias (LTB)-the latent (projected) trade share of nonpart-ners minus the as-if-frictionless trade share. Explained LTB variance d...
作者：Bloom, Nicholas; Bunn, Philip; Mizen, Paul; Smietanka, Pawel; Thwaites, Gregory
作者单位：Stanford University; Bank of England; University of Nottingham; Deutsche Bundesbank
摘要：We analyze the impact of Covid-19 on productivity using datafrom an innovative monthly firm survey that asks for quantitative impactsof Covid-19 on inputs and outputs. We find thattotal factor productiv-ity (TFP) fell by up to 6% during 2020-2021. The overall impact com-bined large reductions in 'within-firm' productivity, with offsetting posi-tive 'between-firm' effects as less productive sectors, and less productive firms within them, contracted. Despite these large pandemic effects, firms'p...
