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作者：Lenharo, Mariana
摘要：Two RNA-editing therapies for genetic diseases have in the past few months gained approval for clinical trials, raising hopes for safer treatments.
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作者：Ilik, Ibrahim Avsar; Glazar, Petar; Tse, Kevin; Braendl, Bjoern; Meierhofer, David; Muller, Franz-Josef; Smith, Zachary D.; Aktas, Tugce
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Yale University; University of Kiel; Schleswig Holstein University Hospital; Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society
摘要：Transposable elements (TEs) are a major constituent of human genes, occupying approximately half of the intronic space. During pre-messenger RNA synthesis, intronic TEs are transcribed along with their host genes but rarely contribute to the final mRNA product because they are spliced out together with the intron and rapidly degraded. Paradoxically, TEs are an abundant source of RNA-processing signals through which they can create new introns1, and also functional2 or non-functional chimeric t...
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作者：Deng, Min; Yu, Jinhan; Blackmond, Donna G.
作者单位：Scripps Research Institute
摘要：The single chirality of biological molecules is a signature of life. Yet, rationalizing how single chirality emerged remains a challenging goal1. Research has commonly focused on initial symmetry breaking and subsequent enantioenrichment of monomer building blocks-sugars and amino acids-that compose the genetic polymers RNA and DNA as well as peptides. If these building blocks are only partially enantioenriched, however, stalling of chain growth may occur, whimsically termed in the case of nuc...
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作者：Powell, Diana; Feinstein, Adina D.; Lee, Elspeth K. H.; Zhang, Michael; Tsai, Shang-Min; Taylor, Jake; Kirk, James; Bell, Taylor; Barstow, Joanna K.; Gao, Peter; Bean, Jacob L.; Blecic, Jasmina; Chubb, Katy L.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Jordan, Sean; Kitzmann, Daniel; Moran, Sarah E.; Morello, Giuseppe; Moses, Julianne I.; Welbanks, Luis; Yang, Jeehyun; Zhang, Xi; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Bello-Arufe, Aaron; Brande, Jonathan; Casewell, S. L.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Cubillos, Patricio E.; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Dyrek, Achrene; Flagg, Laura; Hu, Renyu; Inglis, Julie; Jones, Kathryn D.; Kreidberg, Laura; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Meier Valdes, Erik A.; Miguel, Yamila; Parmentier, Vivien; Piette, Anjali A. A.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Radica, Michael; Redfield, Seth; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Aggarwal, Keshav; Alam, Munazza K.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Batalha, Natasha E.; Benneke, Bjoern; Berta-Thompson, Zach K.; Brady, Ryan P.; Caceres, Claudio; Carter, Aarynn L.; Desert, Jean-Michel; Harrington, Joseph; Iro, Nicolas; Line, Michael R.; Lothringer, Joshua D.; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Mancini, Luigi; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Nixon, Matthew C.; Oza, Apurva V.; Palle, Enric; Rustamkulov, Zafar; Sing, David K.; Steinrueck, Maria E.; Venot, Olivia; Wheatley, Peter J.; Yurchenko, Sergei N.
作者单位：Smithsonian Institution; University of Chicago; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Bern; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Oxford; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; Imperial College London; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Open University - UK; Carnegie Institution for Science; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of St Andrews; University of Kansas; University of Cambridge; University of Arizona; Chalmers University of Technology; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF); Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Warwick; University of Warwick; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Leicester; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF); Austrian Academy of Sciences; University of Bern; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Cornell University; Cornell University; California Institute of Technology; Max Planck Society; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Cote d'Azur; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Wesleyan University; Wesleyan University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; University of Bristol; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Indore; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of London; University College London; Universidad Andres Bello; University of Amsterdam; State University System of Florida; University of Central Florida; State University System of Florida; University of Central Florida; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); Utah System of Higher Education; Utah Valley University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Munich; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC)
摘要：The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations(1-3) suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres(4). This is because of the low (<1ppb) abundance of SO2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H2O and H2S (1-10ppm)(4-9). However, the SO2 inference was made from a single, small molecular ...
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作者：Dimitrova-Paternoga, Lyudmila; Kasvandik, Sergo; Beckert, Bertrand; Granneman, Sander; Tenson, Tanel; Wilson, Daniel N.; Paternoga, Helge
作者单位：University of Hamburg; University of Tartu; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of Edinburgh
摘要：Protein synthesis is a major energy-consuming process of the cell that requires the controlled production1-3 and turnover4,5 of ribosomes. Although the past few years have seen major advances in our understanding of ribosome biogenesis, structural insight into the degradation of ribosomes has been lacking. Here we present native structures of two distinct small ribosomal 30S subunit degradation intermediates associated with the 3 ' to 5 ' exonuclease ribonuclease R (RNase R). The structures re...
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作者：He, Feng; Wu, Cheng-Guo; Gao, Yang; Rahman, Sabrina N.; Zaoralova, Magda; Papasergi-Scott, Makaia M.; Gu, Ting-Jia; Robertson, Michael J.; Seven, Alpay B.; Li, Lingjun; Mathiesen, Jesper M.; Skiniotis, Georgios
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Copenhagen; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Stanford University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Liangzhu Laboratory
摘要：The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G-protein-coupled receptor(1) (GPCR) that has a central role in regulating systemic calcium homeostasis(2,3). Here we use cryo-electron microscopy and functional assays to investigate the activation of human CaSR embedded in lipid nanodiscs and its coupling to functional G(i) versus G(q) proteins in the presence and absence of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet. High-resolution structures show that both G(i) and G(q) drive additional conformation...
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作者：Liu, Guangdong; Shih, Arthur J.; Deng, Huiqiu; Ojha, Kasinath; Chen, Xiaoting; Luo, Mingchuan; Mccrum, Ian T.; Koper, Marc T. M.; Greeley, Jeffrey; Zeng, Zhenhua
作者单位：Hunan University; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Clarkson University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used to promote chemical reactions. Although it is known that chemical reactions usually happen on catalyst surfaces, only specific surface sites have high catalytic activity. Thus, identifying active sites and maximizing their presence lies at the heart of catalysis research1-4, in which the classic model is to categorize active sites in terms of distinct surface motifs, such as terraces and steps1,5-10. However, such a simple categorization often leads to o...
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作者：Pettine, Jacob; Padmanabhan, Prashant; Shi, Teng; Gingras, Lauren; McClintock, Luke; Chang, Chun-Chieh; Kwock, Kevin W. C.; Yuan, Long; Huang, Yue; Nogan, John; Baldwin, Jon K.; Adel, Peter; Holzwarth, Ronald; Azad, Abul K.; Ronning, Filip; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Lin, Shi-Zeng; Chen, Hou-Tong
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Menlo Systems GmbH; University of California System; University of California Davis; Columbia University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Intellectual Ventures
摘要：Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics1 and as a means of revealing2,3 or even inducing4,5 broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control5-16 offer particularly promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometre spatial ...
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作者：Sanderson, Katharine
摘要：Some palaeontologists want more rigorous guidelines for naming species, along with action to address problematic historical practices.
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作者：Atek, Hakim; Labbe, Ivo; Furtak, Lukas J.; Chemerynska, Iryna; Fujimoto, Seiji; Setton, David J.; Miller, Tim B.; Oesch, Pascal; Bezanson, Rachel; Price, Sedona H.; Dayal, Pratika; Zitrin, Adi; Kokorev, Vasily; Weaver, John R.; Brammer, Gabriel; van Dokkum, Pieter; Williams, Christina C.; Cutler, Sam E.; Feldmann, Robert; Fudamoto, Yoshinobu; Greene, Jenny E.; Leja, Joel; Maseda, Michael, V; Muzzin, Adam; Pan, Richard; Papovich, Casey; Nelson, Erica J.; Nanayakkara, Themiya; Stark, Daniel P.; Stefanon, Mauro; Suess, Katherine A.; Wang, Bingjie; Whitaker, Katherine E.
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Swinburne University of Technology; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; University of Geneva; University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; University of Groningen; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Yale University; University of Arizona; University of Zurich; Waseda University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ); Princeton University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; York University - Canada; Tufts University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Valencia; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：The identification of sources driving cosmic reionization, a major phase transition from neutral hydrogen to ionized plasma around 600-800 Myr after the Big Bang(1-3), has been a matter of debate(4). Some models suggest that high ionizing emissivity and escape fractions (f(esc)) from quasars support their role in driving cosmic reionization(5,6). Others propose that the high f(esc) values from bright galaxies generate sufficient ionizing radiation to drive this process(7). Finally, a few studi...
