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作者：Blom-Hansen, J
摘要：Policy networks is a powerful analytical concept. However, it must be combined with a model of the actor if the analyst is to move beyond description and into the more interesting field of policy explanation. This article argues that this may be done by the use of 'new institutionalism'. It first demonstrates that policy networks may be understood as institutions, i.e. as rules constraining the actions of the participating actors. It then outlines the contribution which institutional theory ma...
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作者：Baggott, R
摘要：The NHS internal market, introduced in an atmosphere of controversy, continues to generate much disagreement. This article examines the evidence on the impact of this policy with regard to a range of criteria, including efficiency, accountability, effective planning and co-ordination, patient choice and service quality, equity, and the culture of the NHS. It explores the different ways in which this evidence is perceived and seeks to make explicit the assumptions and biases of those involved i...
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作者：Quirk, B
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作者：Ryan, N
摘要：Models of policy implementation have been characterized by a tension between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' approaches to public sector management. In recent years, this literature moved into 'third generation' in attempting to unify implementation analysis. One recent approach at consolidating key elements of 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' literature has been provided by Soren Winter. This article applies Winter's model to two longitudinal studies of industry programmes in Australia. This analysis su...
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作者：Lowndes, V
摘要：New institutionalist approaches reflect a common commitment to the significance of institutional arrangements and a common criticism of atomistic accounts of social processes. Beyond these core assumptions, new institutionalism is characterized by a great variety of positions, which are sometimes complementary and sometimes conflicting. The different positions can be captured in six 'vignettes': the mythic institution, the efficient institution, the stable institution, the manipulated institut...
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作者：Butcher, T
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作者：Deakin, N; Walsh, K
作者单位：University of Birmingham
摘要：Contracts have been a key element in the recent reform of British public services. Their introduction has formed part of a broader process of change in which the market structures and values have featured prominently. In practice, contracts have both brought benefits and presented problems. More particularly, greater organizational formality has raised some important issues - the role of trust and the form and practice of accountability prominent among them. Evidence from a recent ESRC-support...
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作者：Goldsmith, M
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作者：Pratchett, L; Wingfield, M
摘要：Most discussions of the public service ethos (PSE) have offered polemical accounts of how recent reforms have eroded the distinguishing values of public servants without ever defining this ethos or considering its relationship to other aspects of the public sector. This article considers the deeper and more structural implications of the PSE by characterizing it as a political institution that shares the features of 'new institutionalism'. It concentrates upon the PSE as it manifests itself in...
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作者：Goldsmith, M
