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作者：Daugbjerg, C
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：The policy network literature has provided important insight into the way in which public policy is made in Western societies. Most network studies have focused on processes within networks and have paid little attention to the conceptualization of policy outcomes and the theoretical link between network type and policy type. This article defines and categorizes environmental policy and suggests a proposition on the link between network types and environmental policy types. It is argued that t...
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作者：Machado, N; Burns, TR
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：This article conceptualizes and analyses a type of complex social organization consisting of heterogeneous organizing modes and social relationships, combining, for instance, relationships making up markets and hierarchies as well as various types of informal networks. Each mode is constituted and regulated on the basis of a system of social rules making up a particular normative order and operates in terms of its own particular rationality or social logic. When modes are combined or integrate...
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作者：Peters, BG
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
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作者：Munro, C
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
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作者：Elcock, H
摘要：The Polish Commissioner for Citizens' Rights Protection was established during the Communist regime but survived the transition to plural democracy after 1989, despite suggestions that the Office was a survival from the Communist era which ought to be dismantled as part of the transition to democracy. His role has involved securing respect for the law by officials who were accustomed to ignore it so long as they followed the Communist Party's 'line'. Equally, many citizens still. find challeng...
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作者：Kickert, WJM
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：In many Western public administrations, particularly the American and Anglo-Saxon ones, a remarkable trend is taking place-the 'new public management' (Hood 1991). Many Western governments and public services are adopting a more 'managerial' approach to administration. Under conditions of heavy public demands but a severely constrained public budget, the only feasible alternative to cutting public services or raising taxes, seems to be to reduce costs, increase effectiveness and efficiency, an...
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作者：Dunsire, A
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作者：Brans, M; Rossbach, S
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Kent
摘要：This article offers an introduction to Niklas Luhmann's theory of social systems as it pertains to public administration and policy, as a first step towards both a critique and its empirical application to empirical reality. It reconstructs Luhmann's early writings on bureaucracy and policy-making and shows how this early, more empirical work grounded his abtract theory of social systems in general and the political system in particular. The article also introduces some central concepts of Luh...
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作者：Leach, S
摘要：This article uses Benson's 'political economy' model of inter-organizational relations to interpret inter-authority relationships during the course of the local government review process in England (1992-95) and in particular to explain the preparedness of large numbers of district councils to support proposals which implied their own destruction. Six more specific influences are identified which led to this outcome: (i) The changing pattern of expectations and perceived possibilities as the R...
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作者：Dunsire, A
