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作者：Azevedo, Anthony; Lesser, Ellen; Phelps, Jasper S.; Mark, Brandon; Elabbady, Leila; Kuroda, Sumiya; Sustar, Anne; Moussa, Anthony; Khandelwal, Avinash; Dallmann, Chris J.; Agrawal, Sweta; Lee, Su-Yee J.; Pratt, Brandon; Cook, Andrew; Skutt-Kakaria, Kyobi; Gerhard, Stephan; Lu, Ran; Kemnitz, Nico; Lee, Kisuk; Halageri, Akhilesh; Castro, Manuel; Ih, Dodam; Gager, Jay; Tammam, Marwan; Dorkenwald, Sven; Collman, Forrest; Schneider-Mizell, Casey; Brittain, Derrick; Jordan, Chris S.; Dickinson, Michael; Pacureanu, Alexandra; Seung, H. Sebastian; Macrina, Thomas; Lee, Wei-Chung Allen; Tuthill, John C.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; California Institute of Technology; Princeton University; Princeton University; Allen Institute for Brain Science; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
摘要：A deep understanding of how the brain controls behaviour requires mapping neural circuits down to the muscles that they control. Here, we apply automated tools to segment neurons and identify synapses in an electron microscopy dataset of an adult female Drosophila melanogaster ventral nerve cord (VNC)(1), which functions like the vertebrate spinal cord to sense and control the body. We find that the fly VNC contains roughly 45 million synapses and 14,600 neuronal cell bodies. To interpret the ...
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作者：Lee, Hong-Gyun; Rone, Joseph M.; Li, Zhaorong; Akl, Camilo Faust; Shin, Seung Won; Lee, Joon-Hyuk; Flausino, Lucas E.; Pernin, Florian; Chao, Chun-Cheih; Kleemann, Kilian L.; Srun, Lena; Illouz, Tomer; Giovannoni, Federico; Charabati, Marc; Sanmarco, Liliana M.; Kenison, Jessica E.; Piester, Gavin; Zandee, Stephanie E. J.; Antel, Jack P.; Rothhammer, Veit; Wheeler, Michael A.; Prat, Alexandre; Clark, Iain C.; Quintana, Francisco J.
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作者：Zhang, Yuying; Lai, Yuezheng; Zhou, Shan; Ran, Ting; Zhang, Yue; Zhao, Ziqing; Feng, Ziyan; Yu, Long; Xu, Jinxu; Shi, Kun; Wang, Jianyun; Pang, Yu; Li, Liang; Chen, Hongming; Guddat, Luke W.; Gao, Yan; Liu, Fengjiang; Rao, Zihe; Gong, Hongri
作者单位：Nankai University; Nankai University; Guangzhou Laboratory; Capital Medical University; University of Queensland; ShanghaiTech University; ShanghaiTech University; Tsinghua University
摘要：Bedaquiline (BDQ), a first-in-class diarylquinoline anti-tuberculosis drug, and its analogue, TBAJ-587, prevent the growth and proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting ATP synthase1,2. However, BDQ also inhibits human ATP synthase3. At present, how these compounds interact with either M. tuberculosis ATP synthase or human ATP synthase is unclear. Here we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures of M. tuberculosis ATP synthase with and without BDQ and TBAJ-587 bound, an...
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作者：Hu, Xiaolong; Ao, Weizhen; Gao, Mingxin; Wu, Lijie; Pei, Yuan; Liu, Shenhui; Wu, Yiran; Zhao, Fei; Sun, Qianqian; Liu, Junlin; Jiang, Longquan; Wang, Xin; Li, Yan; Tan, Qiwen; Cheng, Jie; Yang, Fan; Yang, Chi; Sun, Jinpeng; Hua, Tian; Liu, Zhi-Jie
作者单位：ShanghaiTech University; ShanghaiTech University; Shandong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College
摘要：Bitter taste receptors, particularly TAS2R14, play central roles in discerning a wide array of bitter substances, ranging from dietary components to pharmaceutical agents(1,2). TAS2R14 is also widely expressed in extragustatory tissues, suggesting its extra roles in diverse physiological processes and potential therapeutic applications(3). Here we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures of TAS2R14 in complex with aristolochic acid, flufenamic acid and compound 28.1, coupling with diff...
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作者：Ledford, Heidi
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作者：Shin, Mingyu; Chang, Eunji; Lee, Daewon; Kim, Nayun; Cho, Bumsik; Cha, Nuri; Koranteng, Ferdinand; Song, Ji-Joon; Shim, Jiwon
作者单位：Hanyang University; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Hanyang University; Hanyang University; Hanyang University
摘要：Insect respiration has long been thought to be solely dependent on an elaborate tracheal system without assistance from the circulatory system or immune cells1,2. Here we describe that Drosophila crystal cells-myeloid-like immune cells called haemocytes-control respiration by oxygenating Prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2) proteins. Crystal cells direct the movement of haemocytes between the trachea of the larval body wall and the circulation to collect oxygen. Aided by copper and a neutral pH, oxygen i...
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作者：Wang, Ting; Song, Xiaonan; Tan, Jiaxing; Xian, Wei; Zhou, Xingtong; Yu, Mingru; Wang, Xiaofei; Xu, Yan; Wu, Ting; Yuan, Keke; Ran, Yu; Yang, Bing; Fan, Gaofeng; Liu, Xiaoyun; Zhou, Yan; Zhu, Yongqun
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Peking University; ShanghaiTech University; Zhejiang University
摘要：AMPylation is a post-translational modification in which AMP is added to the amino acid side chains of proteins(1,2). Here we show that, with ATP as the ligand and actin as the host activator, the effector protein LnaB of Legionella pneumophila exhibits AMPylase activity towards the phosphoryl group of phosphoribose on PRR42-Ub that is generated by the SidE family of effectors, and deubiquitinases DupA and DupB in an E1- and E2-independent ubiquitination process(3,4,5,6,7). The product of LnaB...
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作者：Brisbois, Marie Claire; Asani, Furaha; Agar, Jon; Rezgui, Yacine; Nedeva, Maria
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of London; University College London; Cardiff University; University of Manchester
摘要：Five scholars share their science-policy priorities for the incoming government as it faces urgent challenges in tackling climate change, health, inequality and more.
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作者：Konagaya, Yumi; Rosenthal, David; Ratnayeke, Nalin; Fan, Yilin; Meyer, Tobias
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Stanford University; RIKEN; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Tissue repair, immune defence and cancer progression rely on a vital cellular decision between quiescence and proliferation1,2. Mammalian cells proliferate by triggering a positive feedback mechanism3,4. The transcription factor E2F activates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the E2F inhibitor protein retinoblastoma (Rb). This action further increases E2F activity to express genes needed for proliferation. Given that positive feedback can inadverten...
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作者：Shermer, Michael
摘要：UFO hunters and anti-vaxxers might seem like modern phenomena, but they both take inspiration from a little-known anti-science movement.
