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作者：Wyckoff, Jim
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：Many are concerned about the large decline in K-12 student achievement since 2019. And rightly so, given what it signals about student learning and later life outcomes. Less noted is the pre-pandemic sustained decline in student achievement growth that followed more than 30 years of increases. We examine the nature of achievement decline as measured by national and state NAEP scores. Our analysis suggests that pre-pandemic achievement declines are large, began earlier than commonly thought, an...
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作者：Sarin, Natasha
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Wang, Chunbei
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：Since 2012, DACA has provided deportation relief and work authorization to immigrants brought to the United States as children. This study examines how legal and political uncertainty-triggered by the Trump administration's 2017 rescission announcement-reshaped recipients' economic and social outcomes. Using difference-in-differences and event-study methods, we show that early gains in employment and earnings eroded sharply under heightened uncertainty. In contrast, responses along other margi...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Zhao, Ruinan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：This paper examines the effect of granting undocumented immigrants driver's licenses on fatal crashes. Using county-level crash data from the Fatality and Injury Reporting System Tool, I leverage the quasi-randomness of the timing of the driver's license reforms adoption across states to identify the causal effect of driver's license reforms. My findings show that granting undocumented immigrants driver's licenses increases overall fatal crashes by nearly 5%, equivalent to 0.46 more fatal cras...
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作者：Beniwal, Sukriti; Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren; Jolles, Diana R.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This study considers whether the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions resulted in changes in the use of non-physician providers. Medicaid expansions may have impacted both payments to providers as well as insurance availability for patients. Using U.S. birth certificate records, we analyze whether the ACA Medicaid expansions influenced the trade-off between physicians and certified nurse-midwives (CNMs/CMs) for obstetric care. Our findings indicate that the ACA Medicaid expansions led...
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作者：Zewde, Naomi; Short, Pamela Farley
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
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作者：Cao, Xun; Wu, Mingqin
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Wuhan University
摘要：Drawing on a natural experiment generated by prefecture-level centralization reforms in China in the early 2000s, we study whether a centralized regulatory system delivers better environmental outcomes in a developing country context. We examine the impact of centralization reforms on firm air pollution emissions using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. We find that centralization reform reduces firm air pollution intensities in total waste air, SO2, and soot. This effect is robu...
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作者：Watson, Tara
作者单位：Brookings Institution
