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作者：Hansen, Benjamin; Houghton, Kendall; Miller, Keaton; Weber, Caroline
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of Kentucky
摘要：We study how prices respond when a 25% gross receipts tax remitted by cannabis manufacturers was eliminated in Washington state and the retail excise tax was simultaneously increased from 25% to 37%. Standard theory suggests that this change should have increased welfare for manufacturers, retailers, and consumers; instead, our analysis shows that the reform unexpectedly shifted benefits toward manufacturers at the expense of retailers and consumers, who faced higher tax-inclusive prices post-...
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作者：Gilbert, Joshua B.; Himmelsbach, Zachary; Soland, James; Joshi, Mridul; Domingue, Benjamin W.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Virginia
摘要：Analyses of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) are common in applied causal inference research. However, when outcomes are latent variables assessed via psychometric instruments such as educational tests, standard methods ignore the potential HTE that may exist among the individual items of the outcome measure. Failing to account for item-level HTE (IL-HTE) can lead to both underestimated standard errors and identification challenges in the estimation of treatment-by-covariate interaction e...
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作者：Lavertu, Stephane; Tran, Long
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：There is growing concern that some public service providers may be nonprofit in name but not in fact. We consider this issue in the context of nonprofit charter schools, which sometimes subcontract their daily operations to for-profit management organizations. We use unique data from Ohio to study how nonprofit charters' reliance on for-profit operators affects student achievement and attendance. The results indicate that charter schools with for-profit operators are, on average, at least as e...
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作者：Tzanis, Zoe; Woolley, Samuel
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
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作者：Sheiner, Louise
作者单位：Brookings Institution
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作者：Cancian, Maria
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作者：Bansak, Cynthia; Pearlman, Sarah; Sparber, Chad
作者单位：Saint Lawrence University; Vassar College; Colgate University
摘要：The United States deported nearly 400,000 unauthorized immigrants under the Secure Communities (SC) interior immigration enforcement program between 2008 and 2014. This paper uses variation in the intensity of deportations across immigrants' country of origin and city of residence to assess the labor market consequences of SC on foreign-born women. We find no effect on the total number of employed immigrant women, but both annual wages and the number of hours worked fell. Moreover, SC induced ...
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作者：Badgett, M. V. Lee; Carpenter, Christopher S.; Lee, Maxine J.; Sansone, Dario
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Vanderbilt University; California State University System; San Francisco State University; University of Exeter
摘要：On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court extended nationwide legal access to same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges, following a series of court cases and legislative activities at the state and district levels. Similar policies have diffused throughout other countries, especially in western Europe and the Americas. Researchers have used the staggered rollout of legal same-sex marriage and related policies in the U.S. and elsewhere, along with improved data on lesbian, gay, and bis...
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作者：Winter, Kelsey
作者单位：University of Victoria
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作者：Coupet, Jason
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Many public service organizations engage in commercialization, or market-oriented strategies designed to generate non-public revenue for the organization. Managers and policymakers sometimes choose to buy these commercialization strategies by setting up separate organizations, ostensibly to avoid inefficiencies associated with coordinating market activity within an organization designed for public service. Using a synthetic control approach, this study measures the effect on efficiency of a co...
