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作者：Dai, YX; Popp, D; Bretschneider, S
作者单位：Syracuse University; Syracuse University
摘要：Over the past 20 years, the number of patents assigned to universities has increased dramatically. This increase coincided with several policy initiatives, such as the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, designed to foster technology transfer between universities and the private sector. This paper examines the effect of such policies using an institutional framework, designed to illustrate how factors both from inside and outside of academia influence the decision to patent university research. We find pas...
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作者：Joyce, T; Gibson, D; Colman, S
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); National Bureau of Economic Research; City University of New York (CUNY) System
摘要：We analyze the relationship between prenatal WIC participation and birth outcomes in New York City from 1988-2001. The analysis is unique for several reasons. First, we have over 800,000 births to women on Medicaid, the largest sample ever used to analyze prenatal participation in WIC. Second, we focus on measures,of fetal growth distinct from preterm birth, since there is little clinical support for a link between nutritional supplementation and premature delivery. Third, we restrict the prim...
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作者：Wu, YH
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：This is a cross-state empirical study which examines the effects of state research and development (R&D) tax credits on private R&D expenditure in the states. Other explanatory variables include federal R&D subsidies, public services in higher education and R&D-targeted programs as well as other control variables. The statistical result shows that the establishment of state R&D credit programs is effective in stimulating more industrial R&D expenditure. In addition, state services in higher ed...
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作者：Derthick, M
作者单位：University of Virginia
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作者：DeSimone, J
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：This study examines how drug injection and needle sharing propensities respond when a needle exchange program (NEP) is introduced into a city. I analyze 1989-1995 Drug Use Forecasting data on adult male arrestees from 24 large U.S. cities, in nine of which NEPs opened during the sample period. After controlling for cocaine and heroin prices, AIDS prevalence, fixed effects for cities and years and city-specific time trends, the model indicates that the presence of a NEP is associated with decli...
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作者：Mayer, FW
作者单位：Duke University
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作者：Lopoo, LM
作者单位：Syracuse University; Syracuse University
摘要：Over the last 30 years, the tenet of promoting self-sufficiency through work has become one of the primary objectives of many social welfare policies in the United States. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the author asks if a mothers work hours influence her daughters teenage fertility. The findings suggest a negative relationship, with the largest effects for the daughters of mothers who work more than 1,000 hours per year. Results among AFDC recipients suggest that an increase in a ...
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作者：Cawley, J; Danziger, S
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper utilizes a rich longitudinal data set-the Women Employment Study (WES)-to investigate whether obesity, which is common among women of low socioeconomic status, is a barrier to employment and earnings for current and former welfare recipients. We find that former welfare recipients who are both White and morbidly obese have been less successful in transitioning from welfare to work. These women are less likely to work at any survey wave, spend a greater percentage of months between w...
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作者：Derthick, M
作者单位：University of Virginia
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作者：Carrell, SE; West, JE
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy
摘要：The current U.S. military pay structure offers inequitable and inefficient wages across locations. Military personnel are paid less competitive wages in high-cost and/or low-amenity locations compared to low-cost and/or high-amenity locations. This pay system results in unequal reenlistment rates across locations, which leads to production inefficiencies caused by short-term manning shortages in high-turnover locations. Wages set according to local civilian compensating wage differentials woul...
