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作者：Nusser, Anja; Thomas, Oliver S.; Zhang, Gaoqun; Nagakubo, Daisuke; Arrigoni, Laura; Krauth, Brigitte; Boehm, Thomas
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society; University of Freiburg; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital; International University of Health & Welfare
摘要：The generation of self-tolerant repertoires of T cells depends on the expression of peripheral self antigens in the thymic epithelium1 and the presence of small populations of cells that mimic the diverse phenotypes of peripheral tissues2, 3, 4, 5, 6-7. Whereas the molecular underpinnings of self-antigen expression have been extensively studied8, the developmental origins and differentiation pathways of thymic mimetic cells remain to be identified. Moreover, the histological identification of ...
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作者：Wang, Qianmin; Ren, Yulei; Jin, Qianwei; Chen, Xizi; Xu, Yanhui
作者单位：Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes highly demanded RNAs grouped into three types of classical promoters, including type 1 (5S rRNA), type 2 (tRNA) and type 3 (short non-coding RNAs, such as U6, 7SK and RNase H1) promoters1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-7. While structures of the Pol III preinitiation complex (PIC)8, 9, 10-11 and elongation complex (EC)12, 13, 14, 15-16 have been determined, the mechanism underlying the transition from initiation to elongation remains unclear. Here we reconstituted seve...
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作者：Zhang, Yaotian; Stoeppelkamp, Ida; Fernandez-Pernas, Pablo; Allram, Melanie; Charman, Matthew; Magalhaes, Alexandre P.; Piedavent-Salomon, Melanie; Sommer, Gregor; Sung, Yu-Chieh; Meyer, Katrina; Grams, Nicholas; Halko, Edwin; Dongre, Shivali; Meierhofer, David; Malszycki, Michal; Ilik, Ibrahim A.; Aktas, Tugce; Kraushar, Matthew L.; Vastenhouw, Nadine; Weitzman, Matthew D.; Grebien, Florian; Niskanen, Henri; Hnisz, Denes
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Free University of Berlin; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Lausanne; University of Pennsylvania; Saint Anna Children's Hospital; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI); Austrian Academy of Sciences; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
摘要：Biomolecular condensates are thought to create subcellular microenvironments that have different physicochemical properties compared with their surrounding nucleoplasm or cytoplasm1, 2, 3, 4-5. However, probing the microenvironments of condensates and their relationship to biological function is a major challenge because tools to selectively manipulate specific condensates in living cells are limited6, 7, 8-9. Here, we develop a non-natural micropeptide (that is, the killswitch) and a nanobody...
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作者：Remsik, Jan; Tong, Xinran; Kunes, Russell Z.; Li, Min Jun; Estrera, Rachel; Snyder, Jenna; Thomson, Clark; Osman, Ahmed M.; Chabot, Kiana; Sener, Ugur T.; Wilcox, Jessica A.; Isakov, Danielle; Wang, Helen; Bale, Tejus A.; Chaligne, Ronan; Sun, Joseph C.; Brown, Chrysothemis; Pe'er, Dana; Boire, Adrienne
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB); KU Leuven; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Columbia University; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Karolinska Institutet; Mayo Clinic; Mayo Clinic; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine
摘要：Metastasis to the cerebrospinal-fluid-filled leptomeninges, or leptomeningeal metastasis, represents a fatal complication of solid tumours1. Multimodal analyses of clinical specimens reveal substantial inflammatory infiltrate in leptomeningeal metastases with enrichment of IFN gamma and resulting downstream signalling. Here, to investigate and overcome this futile anti-tumour response within the leptomeninges, we developed syngeneic lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma leptomeningeal-metast...
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作者：Wei, Liang; Popescu, Mihai V.; Noble, Adam; Paton, Robert S.; Aggarwal, Varinder K.
作者单位：University of Bristol; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins
摘要：Alkenes are a central part of organic chemistry1, 2-3. However, although most alkenes are easy to prepare, the controlled synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes, those with four groups around the central C=C bond, remains challenging1, 2, 3, 4-5. Here we report the boron-mediated assembly of tetrasubstituted alkenes with complete control of the double-bond geometry. The migrating group and electrophile add syn across the alkyne. Mild oxidation leads to intermediate borinic esters6, which can be...
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作者：Yang, Zhi; Haakonsen, Diane L.; Heider, Michael; Witus, Samuel R.; Zelter, Alex; Beschauner, Tobias; MacCoss, Michael J.; Rape, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Toronto; Sinai Health System Toronto; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：Chronic stress response activation impairs cell survival and causes devastating degenerative diseases1, 2-3. Organisms accordingly deploy silencing factors, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase silencing factor of the integrated stress response (SIFI), to terminate stress response signalling and ensure cellular homeostasis4. How a silencing factor can sense stress across cellular scales to elicit timely stress response inactivation is poorly understood. Here we combine cryo-electron microscopy anal...
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作者：Witze, Alexandra
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作者：Gao, Xingyu; Vaidya, Sumukh; Li, Kejun; Ge, Zhun; Dikshit, Saakshi; Zhang, Shimin; Ju, Peng; Shen, Kunhong; Jin, Yuanbin; Ping, Yuan; Li, Tongcang
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Optically active spin defects in solids1,2 are leading candidates for quantum sensing3,4 and quantum networking5,6. Recently, single spin defects were discovered in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)7, 8, 9, 10-11, a layered van der Waals (vdW) material. Owing to its two-dimensional structure, hBN allows spin defects to be positioned closer to target samples than in three-dimensional crystals, making it ideal for atomic-scale quantum sensing12, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of single m...
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作者：List, John A.; Simon, Andrew
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Virginia
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作者：Robinson, Andrew
