作者：Laderach, Fabienne; Piteros, Ioannis; Fennell, Eanna; Bremer, Elena; Last, Mette; Schmid, Sandra; Rieble, Lisa; Campbell, Caroline; Ludwig-Portugall, Isis; Bornemann, Lea; Gruhl, Alexander; Eulitz, Klaus; Gueguen, Paul; Mietz, Juliane; Mueller, Anne; Pezzino, Gaetana; Schmitz, Juergen; Ferlazzo, Guido; Mautner, Josef; Munz, Christian
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Limerick; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; University of Zurich; ETH Zurich; University of Zurich; University of Genoa
摘要：Epidemiological data have identified Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection as the main environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis, the predominant autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS)1. However, how EBV infection initiates multiple sclerosis pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that EBV expands oligoclonal T-bet+CXCR3+ B cells that home to the CNS in humanized mice. Effector memory CD8+ T cells and CD4+ TH1 cells as well as CD4+ TH17 cells co-migrate to the br...
作者：Paton, Alexandra E.; Boiko, Daniil A.; Perkins, Jonathan C.; Cemalovic, Nicholas I.; Reschutzegger, Thiago; Gomes, Gabe; Narayan, Alison R. H.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：The application of biocatalysis in synthesis has the potential to offer streamlined routes towards target molecules1, tunable catalyst-controlled selectivity2, as well as processes with improved sustainability3. Despite these advantages, biocatalysis is often a high-risk strategy to implement, as identifying an enzyme capable of performing chemistry on a specific intermediate required for a synthesis can be a roadblock that requires extensive screening of enzymes and protein engineering to ove...
作者：Rathore, Abhay P. S.; Abraham, Soman N.
作者单位：Duke University; National University of Singapore
作者：Fanning, Andrew L.; Raworth, Kate
作者单位：University of Leeds; Universidad de Cadiz; University of Oxford
摘要：The doughnut-shaped framework of social and planetary boundaries (the 'Doughnut') provides a concise visual assessment of progress towards the goal of meeting the needs of all people within the means of the living planet1, 2-3. Here we present a renewed Doughnut framework with a revised set of 35 indicators that monitor trends in social deprivation and ecological overshoot over the 2000-2022 period. Although global gross domestic product (GDP) has more than doubled, our median results show a m...
