作者：Alissa, Husam; Nick, Teresa; Raniwala, Ashish; Herranz, Alberto Arribas; Frost, Kali; Manousakis, Ioannis; Lio, Kari; Warrier, Brijesh; Oruganti, Vaidehi; DiCaprio, T. J.; Oseen-Senda, Kathryn; Ramakrishnan, Bharath; Gupta, Naval; Bianchini, Ricardo; Kleewein, Jim; Belady, Christian; Fontoura, Marcus; Sinistore, Julie; Natarajan, Mukunth; Johnson, Lauren; Mealing, Veeander; Arshi, Praneet; Frieze, Madeline
作者单位：Microsoft
摘要：Addressing climate change requires accelerating the development of sustainable alternatives to energy- and water-intensive technologies, particularly for rapidly growing infrastructure such as data centres and cloud(1). Here we present a life cycle assessment study examining the impacts of advanced cooling technologies on cloud infrastructure, from virtual machines to server architecture, data centre buildings and the grid. Life cycle assessment is important for early-stage design decisions, e...
作者：Yoo, Dongahn; Rhie, Arang; Hebbar, Prajna; Antonacci, Francesca; Logsdon, Glennis A.; Solar, Steven J.; Antipov, Dmitry; Pickett, Brandon D.; Safonova, Yana; Montinaro, Francesco; Luo, Yanting; Malukiewicz, Joanna; Storer, Jessica M.; Lin, Jiadong; Sequeira, Abigail N.; Mangan, Riley J.; Hickey, Glenn; Monfort Anez, Graciela; Balachandran, Parithi; Bankevich, Anton; Beck, Christine R.; Biddanda, Arjun; Borchers, Matthew; Bouffard, Gerard G.; Brannan, Emry; Brooks, Shelise Y.; Carbone, Lucia; Carrel, Laura; Chan, Agnes P.; Crawford, Juyun; Diekhans, Mark; Engelbrecht, Eric; Feschotte, Cedric; Formenti, Giulio; Garcia, Gage H.; de Gennaro, Luciana; Gilbert, David; Green, Richard E.; Guarracino, Andrea; Gupta, Ishaan; Haddad, Diana; Han, Junmin; Harris, Robert S.; Hartley, Gabrielle A.; Harvey, William T.; Hiller, Michael; Hoekzema, Kendra; Houck, Marlys L.; Jeong, Hyeonsoo; Kamali, Kaivan; Kellis, Manolis; Kille, Bryce; Lee, Chul; Lee, Youngho; Lees, William; Lewis, Alexandra P.; Li, Qiuhui; Loftus, Mark; Loh, Yong Hwee Eddie; Loucks, Hailey; Ma, Jian; Mao, Yafei; Martinez, Juan F. I.; Masterson, Patrick; McCoy, Rajiv C.; Mcgrath, Barbara; Mckinney, Sean; Meyer, Britta S.; Miga, Karen H.; Mohanty, Saswat K.; Munson, Katherine M.; Pal, Karol; Pennell, Matt; Pevzner, Pavel A.; Porubsky, David; Potapova, Tamara; Ringeling, Francisca R.; Rocha, Joana L.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Sacco, Samuel; Saha, Swati; Sasaki, Takayo; Schatz, Michael C.; Schork, Nicholas J.; Shanks, Cole; Smeds, Linnea; Son, Dongmin R.; Steiner, Cynthia; Sweeten, Alexander P.; Tassia, Michael G.; Thibaud-Nissen, Francoise; Torres-Gonzalez, Edmundo; Trivedi, Mihir; Wei, Wenjie; Wertz, Julie; Yang, Muyu; Zhang, Panpan; Zhang, Shilong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Zhenmiao; Zhao, Sarah A.; Zhu, Yixin; Jarvis, Erich D.; Gerton, Jennifer L.; Rivas-Gonzalez, Iker; Paten, Benedict; Szpiech, Zachary A.; Huber, Christian D.; Lenz, Tobias L.; Konkel, Miriam K.; Yi, Soojin V.; Canzar, Stefan; Watson, Corey T.; Sudmant, Peter H.; Molloy, Erin; Garrison, Erik; Lowe, Craig B.; Ventura, Mario; O'Neill, Rachel J.; Koren, Sergey; Makova, Kateryna D.; Phillippy, Adam M.; Eichler, Evan E.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Tartu; Duke University; University of Hamburg; Leibniz Association; Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ); University of Connecticut; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Stowers Institute for Medical Research; Jackson Laboratory; University of Connecticut; Johns Hopkins University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); University of Connecticut; Oregon Health & Science University; Oregon Health & Science University; Oregon National Primate Research Center; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Penn State Health; Translational Genomics Research Institute; City of Hope; University of Louisville; Cornell University; Rockefeller University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); Goethe University Frankfurt; Rice University; Rockefeller University; Seoul National University (SNU); Bar Ilan University; Johns Hopkins University; Clemson University; Clemson University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Carnegie Mellon University; Zhejiang University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Cornell University; University of Regensburg; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Westlake University; Huazhong Agricultural University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：The most dynamic and repetitive regions of great ape genomes have traditionally been excluded from comparative studies(1-3). Consequently, our understanding of the evolution of our species is incomplete. Here we present haplotype-resolved reference genomes and comparative analyses of six ape species: chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang. We achieve chromosome-level contiguity with substantial sequence accuracy (<1 error in 2.7 megabases) and completely...
作者：Kiyono, Hiroshi; Ernst, Peter B.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Chiba University; Chiba University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Beginning with Edward Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine, the ever-expanding repertoire of vaccines against pathogens has saved many lives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a revolutionary mRNA injectable vaccine emerged that effectively controlled the severity of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This vaccine induced potent antigen-specific neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, but was limited in its ability to prevent viral invasion at the respiratory surfaces. Nasal vaccines have attracted at...
作者：Pae, Juhee; Schwan, Niklas; Ottino-Loffler, Bertrand; Dewitt, William S.; Garg, Amar; Bortolatto, Juliana; Vora, Ashni A.; Shen, Jin-Jie; Hobbs, Alvaro; Castro, Tiago B. R.; Mesin, Luka; Matsen, Frederick A.; Meyer-Hermann, Michael; Victora, Gabriel D.
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research; Rockefeller University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In the course of antibody affinity maturation, germinal centre (GC) B cells mutate their immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain genes in a process known as somatic hypermutation (SHM)1, 2, 3-4. Panels of mutant B cells with different binding affinities for antigens are then selected in a Darwinian manner, which leads to a progressive increase in affinity among the population5. As with any Darwinian process, rare gain-of-fitness mutations must be identified and common loss-of-fitness mutations a...
