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作者：Horak, Martin
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
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作者：Ugur, Mehmet; Yankaya, Dilek
作者单位：University of Greenwich
摘要：This article examines the relationship between European Union (EU) conditionality for membership and policy entrepreneurship in a candidate country. In Turkey, EU conditionality opened a window of opportunity for policy reform by lowering the political costs of controversial reforms. The study demonstrates that the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD) responded to a window of opportunity by advocating a series of reforms tha...
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作者：Menahem, Gila
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：This article examines the transformation of Israel's higher education system since the 1990s. During that period, the system underwent expansion, diversification, privatization, and internationalization in a series of path-breaking reforms. The main argument is that while external factors-such as demograpic trends-exerted pressure for change, the trajectory and policy options preferred were shaped by ideational factors. Policy entrepreneurs played a crucial role in advancing pathbreaking insti...
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作者：Duit, Andreas; Galaz, Victor
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：Unexpected epidemics, abrupt catastrophic shifts in biophysical systems, and economic crises that cascade across national borders and regions are events that challenge the steering capacity of governance at all political levels. This article seeks to extend the applicability of governance theory by developing hypotheses about how different governance types can be expected to handle processes of change characterized by nonlinear dynamics, threshold effects, cascades, and limited predictability....
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作者：Eimer, Thomas R.
摘要：Both in the United States and the European Union, patent policy instruments in information and communication technologies are contested. Although current reform proposals would lead to a uniform patent eligibility for computer programs in both economic spheres, such an outcome is rather unlikely. In a theoretic perspective, contrasting policies in one of the most important technology sectors challenge the expectation of converging regulative regimes. In a view to reveal the structural causes f...
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作者：Araral, Eduardo, Jr.
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Public sector monopolies are often associated with inefficiencics and inability to meet rising demand. Scholars attribute this to fundamental problems associated with public provision: (1) a tradition of below-cost pricing due to populist pressures, (2) owner-regulator conflicts of interest, and (3) perverse organizational incentives arising from non-credible threat of bankruptcy, weak competition, rigidities, and agency and performance measurement problems. Many governments worldwide have shi...
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作者：Bache, Ian; Chapman, Rachael
作者单位：University of Sheffield; De Montfort University
摘要：This article considers the democratic qualities of multilevel governance at the stage of policy implementation closest to the ground, involving local residents and organizations. Drawing on a case study of the structural funds in South Yorkshire (United Kingdom), it putsforward three models of democracy through which to evaluate the democratic credentials of multilevel governance. The case study illustrates that among the expected complexity and technocracy at this stage of policyntaking, ther...
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作者：Lee, Kwang-Hoon; Raadschelders, Jos C. N.
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：Political-administrative relations became an issue once politicians and administrators came to be considered as distinct actors in the public realm. This happened in the late eighteenth century, and several authors since then explored the nature of this relationship in normative andlor juridical terms. But it took almost two centuries before it became an object of systematic empirical study in a comparative perspective: Aberbach, Putnam, and Rockmart (APR 1981). The APR study was the first to ...
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作者：Trondal, Jarle; Van den Berg, Caspar; Suvarierol, Semin
作者单位：University of Oslo; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC
摘要：This article explores the compound machinery of government. Attention is directed toward decision making within the core executive of the European Union-the European Commission. The article studies seconded national civil servants (SNEs) hired on short-term contracts. The analysis benefits from an original and rich body of surveys and interview data derived from current and former SNEs. The decision-making dynamics of SNEs are shown to contain a compound mix of departmental, epistemic, and sup...
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作者：Galbreath, David J.; Rose, Richard
作者单位：University of Aberdeen
摘要：In real-world bureaucratic encounters the Weberian goal of perfect impersonal administration is not completely attained and unfairness sometimes results. Theories of bias attribute unfairness to social characteristics such as income, education, ethnicity, and gender. A random theory characterizes unfairness as the result of idiosyncratic conditions that give everyone an equal probability of being treated unfairly regardless of their social characteristics. In Latvia, bias would be expected on ...
