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作者：Schakel, Arjan H.
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：Decentralization of policy provision is omnipresent yet we are not able to sufficiently account for the extent of this phenomenon. The decentralization theorem explains the decentralization of policy provision as a trade-off between heterogenous preferences, interjurisdictional spillovers (externalities), and economies of scale. Empirical tests of the theorem have been hampered by a measurement problem on the independent as well as on the dependent variable. This article tackles these problems...
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作者：Thompson, Fred
作者单位：Willamette University
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作者：Pereira, Carlos; Acosta, Andres Mejia
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Sussex
摘要：This paper explores why two countries with similar electoral, partisan, and presidential institutions, have produced significantly different policy outcomes in Latin America. Brazil and Ecuador are conventionally known as having highly fragmented party systems, where legislators have great incentives to cultivate a personal vote. Presidents are perceived to be strong and to make large use of government resources in order to advance their agenda. Yet, policies in Brazil are more likely to respo...
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作者：Barzelay, Michael; Gallego, Raquel
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：This concluding article in the symposium develops generalizing arguments about the politics of public management reform in France, Italy, and Spain, by drawing out implications of the case studies presented in the three preceding articles. Some of these implications hold that established research arguments about politics of public management reform in the same cultural and geographical area require considerable qualification and reexamination. Some other implications of these case studies take...
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作者：Stolfi, Francesco
作者单位：University of Limerick
摘要：This article compares the relative explanatory power of structuralist and interpretative approaches to the study of policy change. By assessing the fit of these approaches against the actual reform of the formulation, approval, and implementation stages of Italy's budget process in the 1990s, the article shows that structural factors (such as fiscal pressures and changes in the electoral rules) played a key role in the reform of the formulation stage but not in that of the approval and impleme...
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作者：Asquer, Alberto
作者单位：University of Cagliari
摘要：As a measure to enhance the fiscal autonomy of the region, in 2006 the Regional Government of Sardinia in Italy decided to establish a tax agency for managing regional taxes on holiday houses and boat and aircraft transit. Based on interviews conducted with the tax agency director and staff, this article traces the trajectory and outcome of events included in the implementation of this part of the regional government's fiscal policy. Drawing from this case, this article theorizes the process o...
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作者：Moran, Michael
作者单位：University of Manchester
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作者：Schrefler, Lorna
作者单位：University of Exeter
摘要：The normative justification for delegation to independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) is that they operate by using technical analysis and expertise rather than political considerations in their decision-making processes. Although delegation has been discussed as a design principle, systematic evidence on the conditions under which IRAs make use of scientific knowledge and how is still scarce. Scientific knowledge can be used to achieve instrumental learning, but also to seek legitimacy from th...
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作者：Zhang, Lu
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
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作者：Came, Timothy; Campbell, Colin
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Sydney
摘要：Drawing upon interviews with 69 defense policymakers and close observers, this article develops an extrapolation-oriented case study of Donald Rumsfeld's campaign to transform the development of the U.S. Defense Department's future capabilities. This reform effort, launched by President George W. Bush during his first presidential campaign, encountered difficulties in developing and promoting the content of the proposed transformation and in executing it. Following Eugene Bardach's work on ins...
