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作者：Saharia, Aditya N.; Diehr, George
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; California State University System; California State University San Marcos
摘要：This article presents a scheme called Difference Table for maintaining database snapshots stored at sites remote from a central database which are refreshed only upon user request. Database snapshots are currently in widespread use where a subset of the central database is extracted and transmitted to a local workstation and utilized for decision support. The Difference Table method checks each update to a central database table against the definition of the snapshot. If the update is relevant...
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作者：Zmud, Robert W.; Lind, Mary R.; Young, Forrest W.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of North Carolina; North Carolina A&T State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：The primary objective of this study was to identify the perceptual dimensions used by 158 managers and their professional staff at a single large manufacturing firm in differentiating fourteen distinct communication channels available in the firm. Six candidate criteria for differentiating these channels were examined (channel accessibility, information quality, immediate feedback, cue variety, personalization, and receiver accessibility) using multidimensional scaling. A secondary objective i...
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作者：Venkatraman, N.; Zaheer, Akbar
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Strategic advantage through information technology is a popular and an important theme, but the extent of research support is minimal, anecdotal, and sporadic. This paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental study on the impact of dedicated electronic integration [between a focal insurance carrier and its independent agents in the property and casualty (P&C) market] for the focal carrier. The results indicate that the agents that are electronically interfaced with the carrier report imp...
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作者：Whang, Seungjin
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：A theoretical framework is developed in which alternative mechanisms of allocating congestion-prone computer resources are studied and compared. Two-discrete and continuum-models of economies are presented to depict a small and a large economy respectively. Alternative allocation mechanisms are discussed in these two models: (1) the private bargaining approach, (2) allocations attainable through Nash equilibria and (3) the Clarke-Groves tax mechanism in the discrete economy model, and (4) Mend...
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作者：Silver, Mark S.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：The Decision Support Systems (DSS) literature is in general agreement that use of DSS leads to individual and organizational change, but there is no consensus as to whether DSS and their designers serve as agents for directed or nondirected change. Researchers have proceeded from two different sets of premises, drawing different conclusions about the nature of DSS. This paper considers both views, examining how differences in designers' attitudes toward change agency ought to be manifest in th...
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作者：Lederer, Albert L.; Mendelow, Aubrey L.
作者单位：Oakland University; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Kent; Kent State University Salem
摘要：The dynamic environment of an organization makes management difficult. This is especially true in information systems (IS) departments. A new theoretical model, based on structured interviews with IS executives, proposes ways that some dimensions of the environment create problems for IS management. IS managers develop coping mechanisms to attenuate or prevent these problems. They use these coping mechanisms either to resolve the problems directly or to influence the environment to prevent the...
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作者：Galletta, Dennis F.; Heckman, R. L., Jr.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Recent advances in computer technology have been accompanied by significant changes in the roles of both users and developers. One well-known example is end-user development, which here provides a context for the application of role theory to IS issues. A framework is proposed for classifying IS roles in a way that can be used for role behavior analysis. The framework takes the form of a matrix, with activities relating to the construction and use of information systems on one axis, and activi...
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作者：Tam, Kar Yan
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：The process of knowledge acquisition has long been regarded as the bottleneck in expert systems development. In this paper, a concept induction methodology for automated construction of knowledge-bases is presented and its use for knowledge acquisition is discussed. The applicability of such a tool to build expert systems is demonstrated using CONIS in some selected experiments. CONIS is a concept induction system that infers concept description from sample instances of the concept. We have al...
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作者：Westland, J. Christopher
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：As corporate management attempts to extract more end user benefit from information systems department expenditures, interest has grown toward the use of information systems auditing to assure software quality. This research shows that information systems departments are motivated by end users to provide lower quality systems than they would if allowed to pursue their own objectives. The research continues by demonstrating that auditing cannot a priori be assumed to raise the quality of corpora...
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作者：Elam, Joyce J.; Mead, Melissa
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Harvard University
摘要：The concept of decision support systems that emerged in the seventies offered the promise of computer-based tools that would enable decision makers to develop better and more creative solutions to the problems they face. The realization of this promise depends on the validity of two assumptions: (1) individuals can be helped to be more creative and (2) software, appropriately designed, can provide this help. Evidence from creativity research supports the first assumption. This paper explores t...
