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作者：Lomi, A; Larsen, ER
摘要：We present a computational model of organizational evolution according to which the global dynamics of organizational populations emerge from simple rules of local interaction among individual organizations. Under a variety of simulated evolutionary conditions, the model's behavior is in qualitative agreement with empirical observations of actual organizational populations. Estimates on the synthetic data are compared with those obtained by empirical studies of founding processes. The key insi...
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作者：Hundley, G; Jacobson, CK; Park, SH
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：This study investigates the proposition that Japanese companies have a greater propensity than U.S. companies to sustain commitment to R&D in the face of fluctuating profits and liquidity. The analysis showed that profitability declines led to increased R&D intensity in Japan. These effects were not confined to members of Japanese financial keiretsu, or industrial groups. The R&D intensity of U.S. companies fluctuated directly with two-year lagged profitability and liquidity variables, but the...
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作者：Welbourne, TM; Andrews, AO
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：Population ecology is used to explain the role of human resource management (HRM) in enhancing the performance of initial public offering (IPO) companies. We examined the determinants of structural inertia and developed hypotheses on the relationship between HRM and organizational performance, The results indicate that two human resource variables, human resource value and organization-based rewards, predict initial investor reaction and long-term survival, The rewards variable negatively affe...
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作者：Shane, SA
摘要：This study proposes that hybrid organizational forms provide a way to overcome the agency problems of adverse selection and moral hazard in selecting, assimilating, and monitoring new managers. Consequently, hybrid forms allow firms to overcome managerial limits to firm growth and therefore grow faster. Specifically, the study shows empirically that the degree to which a firm emphasizes franchising as its expansion strategy has a significant, positive effect on its growth and survival.
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作者：Lawless, MW; Anderson, PC
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Duke University
摘要：We tested the effects of innovation and market complexity on firm performance. Generational technological change-a major advance within a technology regime-fosters the emergence of niches and local rivalry. Findings hom the U.S. microcomputer industry between 1982 and 1991 suggest accelerated markets reward innovativeness that differentiates firms within a niche but not across niches. Changing niches confers a short-term penalty. Strong performers adopt new technology quickly, without changing...
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作者：Schuler, DA
摘要：An underplayed topic in the strategic management literature is firms' use of political strategies, such as lobbying the government for trade protection. This study developed and tested a simple model examining the magnitude, scope, and timing of U.S. steel firms' use of political strategies to address U.S. trade policy. The findings showed that the industry's largest firms dominated the politics surrounding trade protection in order to capture expected benefits from trade protection or to post...
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作者：Bruderer, E; Singh, JV
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This study proposes a relatively simple computational model of organizational evolution based on the genetic algorithm. The model includes three organizational processes: variation, adaptation, and selection of routines. We use the model to demonstrate theoretically that environmental selection influences adaptation and adaptation, in turn, influences the selection process in a Darwinian model of evolution. Results of computer simulations are consistent with empirical observations, including t...
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作者：Sanchez, JI; Brock, P
摘要：Perceived discrimination is hypothesized to influence employee outcomes above and beyond other work stressors. Data from 139 Hispanic employees of multiple organizations supported this prediction. In addition, growing up in the United States, membership in the most numerous Hispanic subgroup, salary, and work experience moderated the effect of perceived discrimination on three employee outcomes-organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and work tension.
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作者：Carroll, GR; Teo, AC
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Using data from the National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey, we compared the organizational membership networks and core discussion networks of managers and nonmanagers. For the two groups, the networks differed on a variety of characteristics, including ties to outside organizations and to co-workers, network size, and closeness of ties. We also found preliminary evidence that network differences were associated with income differences for nonmanagers.
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作者：Belliveau, MA; OReilly, CA; Wade, JB
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This study explored the effects of social capital, measured both absolutely and relatively, on CEO-compensation in a sample of 61 CEOcompensation committee chairperson dyads. We controlled for variables representing economic, social comparison, and other social influence explanations for CEO compensation. Social similarity did not influence pay, but a chair's absolute social capital and a CEO's social capital relative to his or her chair's significantly increased CEO compensation. The potentia...
