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作者：Bettinger, Eric P.; Long, Bridget Terry
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Higher education has increasingly relied on part-time, adjunct instructors. Critics argue that adjuncts reduce educational quality because they often have less education than full-time professors. On the other hand, by specializing in teaching or being concurrently employed, adjuncts could enhance learning experiences. This paper quantifies how adjuncts affect subsequent student interest and course performance relative to full-time faculty using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits ...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Duflo, Esther; Postel-Vinay, Gilles; Watts, Tim
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed 40% of French vineyards. Using the regional variation in the timing of this shock, we identify and examine the effects on adult height, health, and life expectancy of children born in the years and regions affected by the phylloxera. The shock decreased long-run height, but it did not affect other dimensions of health, including life expectancy. We find that those born in affected regions were about 1.8 millimeters shorter than others at age 20, a si...
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作者：Larrain, Borja
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：We document a positive correlation between stock market capitalization and price levels (wages) within the group of countries with poorly developed stock markets and a negative correlation between these two variables within the group of countries with more developed stock markets. This paper argues that there is a causal relationship behind these correlations. Stock markets initially stimulate growth, pushing the demand for nontradables and increasing prices and wages. Stock markets also promo...
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作者：Ramcharan, Rodney
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Does economic inequality affect redistributive policy? This paper turns to U.S. county data on land inequality over the period 1890 to 1930 to help address this fundamental question in political economy. Redistributive policy was primarily decided at the local level during this period, making county-level data particularly informative. Examining within-state variation also reduces the potential impact of latent institutional and political variables. The paper also uses a variety of identificat...
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作者：Comin, Diego; Hobijn, Bart
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：This paper explores whether lobbies slow down technology diffusion. To answer this question, we exploit the differential effect of various institutional attributes that should affect the costs of erecting barriers when the new technology has a technologically close predecessor but not otherwise. We implement this test using a data set that covers the diffusion of twenty technologies for 23 countries over the past two centuries. We find that each of the relevant institutional variables that aff...
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作者：Ananat, Elizabeth Oltmans; Gruber, Jonathan; Levine, Phillip B.; Staiger, Douglas
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Wellesley College; Dartmouth College
摘要：Abortion legalization in the early 1970s led to dramatic changes in fertility. Some research has suggested that it altered cohort outcomes, but this literature has been limited and controversial. In this paper, we provide a framework for understanding selection mechanisms and use that framework to both address inconsistent past methodological approaches and provide evidence on the long-run impact on cohort characteristics. Our results indicate that lower-cost abortion brought about by legaliza...
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作者：di Giovanni, Julian; Levchenko, Andrei A.
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper examines the mechanisms through which output volatility is related to trade openness using an industry-level panel data set of manufacturing production and trade. The main results are threefold. First, sectors more open to international trade are more volatile. Second, trade is accompanied by increased specialization. These two forces imply increased aggregate volatility. Third, sectors that are more open to trade are less correlated with the rest of the economy, an effect that acts...
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作者：Donni, Olivier
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We adopt the collective approach to consumer behavior with egoistic agents and assume that household consumption is either private or public. We then show that (1) household demand functions have to satisfy testable constraints and (2) some elements of the decision process can be retrieved from observed behavior. These results are based on a conditional demand (m-demand) framework in which household demand functions are directly derived from the individual marginal rates of substitution. Final...
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作者：Deschenes, Olivier; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the effect of extreme weather on life expectancy in the United States. Using high-frequency data, we find that both extreme heat and cold result in immediate increases in mortality. The increase in mortality following extreme heat appears mostly driven by near-term displacement, while the increase in mortality following extreme cold is long lasting. We estimate that the number of annual deaths attributable to cold temperature is 0.8% of average annual deaths in our sample. The long...
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作者：Mahajan, Aprajit
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：This paper estimates a price elasticity using a flexible demand specification on survey data where prices are observed with errors and are correlated with household characteristics. The demand function is modeled as a polynomial/trigonometric in the unobserved true prices, and the form of the dependency between the observed prices and household characteristics is modeled parametrically. I identify and estimate the model by adapting the approach of Hausmann et al. (1991) and Schennach (2004). T...
