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作者：Dutt, Pushan; Traca, Daniel
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We analyze the impact of corruption on bilateral trade, highlighting its dual role in terms of extortion and evasion. Corruption taxes trade, when corrupt customs officials in the importing country extort bribes from exporters (extortion effect); however, with high tariffs, corruption may be trade enhancing when corrupt officials allow exporters to evade tariff barriers (evasion effect). We derive and estimate a comiption-augmented gravity model, where the effect of corruption on trade flows i...
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作者：Kosova, Renata
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：I examine how foreign presence affects the growth and survival of domestic firms. Separating a negative crowding out and positive technology spillovers, I analyze whether the crowding out effect is dynamic, that is, domestic firms cut production over time as foreign firms grow, or a static effect realized on foreign entry into the industry. Using 1994-2001 firm-level Czech data, I find evidence of both technology spillovers and crowding Out. However, crowding out is only short term; after init...
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作者：Mocan, H. Naci; Bali, Turan G.
作者单位：Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY)
摘要：Recent theoretical models underscore the potential asymmetric response of various behaviors, ranging from criminal activity to smoking. In this paper, we use state-level panel and individual-level panel data to document the previously unnoticed asymmetric response of crime to changes in the unemployment rate. The results have policy implications, and they have potentially widespread ramifications because similar asymmetries may also be prevalent in other domains, ranging from the relationship ...
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作者：Malamud, Ofer; Pop-Eleches, Cristian
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：This paper examines the relative benefits of general education and vocational training during Romania's transition to a market economy. We examine a 1973 educational reform that shifted a large proportion of students from vocational training to general education. Using census and household survey data, we analyze the effect of this policy with a regression discontinuity design. We find that men affected by the policy are significantly less likely to work in manual or craft-related occupations ...
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作者：Jacks, David S.; Pendakur, Krishna
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What is the role of transport improvements in globalization? We argue that the nineteenth century is the ideal testing ground: maritime freight rates fell on average by 50% while global trade increased 400% from 1870 to 1913. We estimate the first indices of bilateral freight rates and directly incorporate these into a standard gravity model. We also take the endogeneity of bilateral trade and freight rates seriously and propose an instrumental variables approach. The results are striking: we ...
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作者：Liu, Xuepeng; Lovely, Mary E.; Ondrich, Jan
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Kennesaw State University; Syracuse University
摘要：There is almost no support for the proposition that capital is attracted to low wages from firm-level studies. We examine the location choices of 2,884 firms investing in China between 1993 and 1996 to offer two main contributions. First, we find that the location of labor-intensive activities is highly elastic to provincial wage differences. Generally, investors' wage sensitivity declines as the skill intensity of the industry increases. Second, we find that unobserved location-specific attri...
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作者：Ries, John; Somerville, Tsur
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：This study utilizes changes in the catchment areas of public schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, to measure the residential price capitalization of school quality. Specifications that employ repeat sales methods to control for time-invariant neighborhood effects and disaggregated price indexes to capture time-varying neighborhood price appreciation reveal significant effects of secondary school performance on residential prices. However, when we add controls for long-run price trends in re...
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作者：Hidalgo, F. Daniel; Naidu, Suresh; Nichter, Simeon; Richardson, Neal
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Columbia University; Stanford University
摘要：This study estimates the effect of economic conditions on redistributive conflict. We examine land invasions in Brazil using a panel data set with over 50,000 municipality-year observations. Adverse economic shocks, instrumented by rainfall, cause the rural poor to invade and occupy large landholdings. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity by land inequality and land tenure systems, but not by other observable variables. In highly unequal municipalities, negative income shocks cause t...
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作者：Jaeger, David A.; Dohmen, Thomas; Falk, Armin; Huffman, David; Sunde, Uwe; Bonin, Holger
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of Cologne; Maastricht University; University of Bonn; Swarthmore College; University of St Gallen
摘要：It has long been hypothesized that individuals' migration propensities depend on their risk attitudes, but the empirical evidence has been limited and indirect. We use newly available data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to measure directly the relationship between migration and risk attitudes. We find that individuals who are more willing to take risks are more likely to migrate. Our estimates are substantial compared to unconditional migration probabilities, as well the effects of conve...
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作者：Gottschalk, Peter; Huynh, Minh
作者单位：Boston College; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
摘要：Measures of inequality and mobility based on self-reported earnings reflect attributes of both the joint distribution of earnings across time and the joint distribution of measurement error and earnings. While classical measurement error would increase measures of inequality and mobility, there is substantial evidence that measurement error in earnings is not classical. In this paper, we present the analytical links between nonclassical measurement error and some summary measures of inequality...
