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作者：Lubotsky, Darren
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Since recent immigrants tend to earn less than natives, their relative earnings have been adversely affected by an increase in the return to labor market skills over the past three decades. Using longitudinal Social Security records matched to cross-sections of the SIPP and CPS, I estimate the return to skills rose by 41% between 1980 and 1997. This reduced the relative earnings of immigrants who arrived in the 1980s and early 1990s by 10 to 15 percentage points. Examining solely the earnings ...
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作者：Carroll, Christopher D.; Slacalek, Jiri; Sommer, Martin
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper estimates the degree of stickiness in aggregate consumption growth (sometimes interpreted as reflecting consumption habits) for thirteen advanced economies. We find that after controlling for measurement error, consumption growth has a high degree of autocorrelation, with a stickiness parameter of about 0.7 on average across countries. The sticky consumption growth model outperforms the random walk model of Hall (1978) and typically fits the data better than the popular Campbell and...
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作者：Kilian, Lutz; Kim, Yun Jung
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We compare the finite-sample performance of impulse response confidence intervals based on local projections (LPs) and vector autoregressive (VAR) models in linear stationary settings. We find that in small samples, the asymptotic LP interval often is less accurate than the bias-adjusted bootstrap VAR interval, notwithstanding its excessive average length. Although the asymptotic LP interval has adequate coverage in sufficiently large samples, its average length still far exceeds that of bias-...
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作者：Greenlees, John S.; McClelland, Robert
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：In this paper we provide new evidence on the impact on the U.S. CPI of the appearance and growth of new types of product outlets. Our CPI food microdata permit a more detailed categorization of outlet types than in previous studies, and we can adjust for numerous differences in item characteristics. We also examine the effects of changes in outlet mix not only across outlet categories but also within those categories. In our sample, we find that the upward impact on price from increased item q...
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作者：Balsvik, Ragnhild
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Does hiring workers with experience from multinationals (MNEs) increase productivity in non-MNEs? Tracing worker flows between plants in Norwegian manufacturing during the 1990s, I find a positive correlation between the share of workers with MNE experience in non-MNEs and the productivity of these plants. Workers with MNE experience contribute 20% more to the productivity of their plant than workers without such experience, even after controlling for differences in unobservable worker charact...
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作者：Desai, Mihir A.; Dharmapala, Dhammika
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper investigates how dividend taxes influence portfolio choices, using the response to the distinctive treatment of a subset of foreign dividends in the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) of 2003. An open-economy after-tax capital asset pricing model is used to derive the hypothesis that JGTRRA should lead to a portfolio reallocation by U.S. investors toward equities in tax-favored countries. A difference-in-difference analysis that compares U.S. equity holdings in a...
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作者：Harrison, Ann; McMillan, Margaret
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tufts University
摘要：Using firm-level data collected by the U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, we estimate the impact on U. S. manufacturing employment of changes in foreign affiliate wages. We show that the motive for offshoring and, consequently, the location of offshore activity, significantly affects the impact of offshoring on parent employment. In general, offshoring to low-wage countries substitutes for domestic employment. However, for firms that do significantly different tasks at home and abroad, foreign...
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作者：Jacks, David S.; O'Rourke, Kevin H.; Williamson, Jeffrey G.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Trinity College Dublin; Harvard University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Poor countries are more volatile than rich countries, and this volatility impedes their growth. Furthermore, commodity prices are a key source of that volatility. This paper explores price volatility since 1700 to offer three stylized facts: commodity price volatility has not increased over time, commodities have always shown greater price volatility than manufactures, and world market integration breeds less commodity price volatility. Thus, economic isolation is associated with much greater ...
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作者：Baird, Sarah; Friedman, Jed; Schady, Norbert
作者单位：George Washington University; The World Bank
摘要：Health and income are strongly correlated both within and across countries, yet the extent to which improvements in income have a causal effect on health status remains controversial. We investigate whether short-term fluctuations in aggregate income affect infant mortality using an unusually large data set of 1.7 million births in 59 developing countries. We show a large, negative association between per capita GDP and infant mortality. Female infant mortality is more sensitive than male infa...
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作者：Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：I use a long panel with broad grade coverage to establish whether charter schools affect cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. Schools that begin as charters generate large improvements in discipline and attendance but not test scores, with the exception of math in middle schools. This suggests improvements in noncognitive but not cognitive skills, although these improvements do not persist if students return to regular public schools. Charters that convert from regular public schools ha...
