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作者：Card, David; Giuliano, Laura
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Miami
摘要：We study social interactions in the initiation of sex and other risky behaviors by best friend pairs in the Add Health panel. Focusing on friends with minimal experience at the baseline interview, we estimate bivariate ordered-choice models that include both peer effects and unobserved heterogeneity. We find significant peer effects in sexual initiation: the likelihood of initiating intercourse within a year increases by almost 5 percentage points (on an 11% base rate) if one's friend also ini...
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作者：Cai, Hongbin; Li, Hongbin; Park, Albert; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：Peking University; Tsinghua University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Analyzing data from a unique survey of managers of Chinese private firms, we investigate how family ties with firm heads affect managerial compensation and job assignment. We find that family managers earn higher salaries and receive more bonuses, hold higher positions, and are given more decision rights and job responsibilities than nonfamily managers in the same firm. However, family managers face weaker incentives than professional managers, as seen in the lower sensitivity of their bonuses...
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作者：Flores, Carlos A.; Mitnik, Oscar A.
作者单位：California State University System; California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo
摘要：We study the effectiveness of nonexperimental strategies in adjusting for comparison group differences when using data from several programs, each implemented at a different location, to compare their effect if implemented at alternative locations. First, we adjust for individual characteristics differences simultaneously across all groups using unconfoundedness-based and conditional difference-in-difference methods for multiple treatments. Second, we adjust for differences in local economic c...
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作者：Cooper, Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：Rising house prices affect household spending by either loosening a household's lifetime budget constraint (pure wealth effect) or the household's borrowing constraint so that consumption rises toward the level implied by the consumption Euler equation (borrowing collateral effect). The empirical findings in this paper are consistent with house price appreciation affecting household spending through the borrowing collateral channel and not the pure wealth effect channel. The consumption of pot...
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作者：Belenzon, Sharon; Schankerman, Mark
作者单位：Duke University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using new data on citations to university patents and scientific publications, we study how geography affects university knowledge spillovers. Citations to patents decline sharply with distance and are strongly constrained by state borders. The effect of distance on citations to scientific publications is less sharp, and the state border effect on publications is significant only for lower-quality public universities. We show that the state border effect is heterogeneous and strongly influence...
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作者：Berdejo, Carlos; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We present evidence that Washington State judges respond to political pressure by sentencing serious crimes more severely. Sentences are around 10% longer at the end of a judge's political cycle than at the beginning; judges' discretionary departures above the sentencing guidelines range increase by 50% across the electoral cycle, accounting for much of the greater severity. Robustness specifications, nonlinear models, and falsification exercises allow us to distinguish among explanations for ...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Finkelstein, Amy; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：Health expenditures as a share of GDP in the United States have more than tripled over the past half-century. A common conjecture is that this is a consequence of rising income. We investigate this hypothesis by instrumenting for local area income with time series variation in oil prices interacted with local oil reserves. This strategy enables us to capture both partial equilibrium and local general equilibrium effects of income on health expenditures. Our central income elasticity estimate i...
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作者：Lu, Yi; Ng, Travis
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Skill content varies enormously across industries and over time. This paper shows that import competition can explain a significant portion of the variation in various skill measures across manufacturing industries. Industries that face more intense import competition employ more nonroutine skill sets, including cognitive, interpersonal, and manual skills, and fewer cognitive routine skills. In addition, we find that the impact of import competition on skills is not driven by imports from low-...
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作者：Corcos, Gregory; Irac, Delphine M.; Mion, Giordano; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Paris School of Economics
摘要：How well does the theory of the firm explain the choice between intrafirm and arm's-length trade? This paper uses firm-level import data from France to look into this question. We find support for three key predicdons of property rights theories of the multinational firm. Intrafirm imports are more likely in capital- and skill-intensive firms, in highly productive firms, and from countries with well-functioning judicial institutions. We bridge previous aggregate findings with our investigation...
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作者：Takalo, Tuomas; Tanayama, Tanja; Toivanen, Otto
作者单位：Bank of Finland; KU Leuven
摘要：We study the expected welfare effects of targeted R&D subsidies using project-level data from Finland. We model the application and R&D investment decisions of firms and the subsidy-granting decision of the public agency in charge of the program. Our model and institutional environment allow us to identify different benefits and costs of the R&D subsidy program. We find that expected effects of subsidies are very heterogeneous and estimated application costs low on average. The social rate of ...
