SPREADING THE WORD: GEOGRAPHY, POLICY, AND KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Belenzon, Sharon; Schankerman, Mark
• 署名单位: Duke University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6535
• DOI: 10.1162/REST_a_00334
• 发表日期: 2013-07
• 页码: 884-903
• 关键词: patent citations; localization; mobility; FLOWS; biotechnology; universities; TECHNOLOGY; incentives; INNOVATION

摘要

Using new data on citations to university patents and scientific publications, we study how geography affects university knowledge spillovers. Citations to patents decline sharply with distance and are strongly constrained by state borders. The effect of distance on citations to scientific publications is less sharp, and the state border effect on publications is significant only for lower-quality public universities. We show that the state border effect is heterogeneous and strongly influenced by university and state characteristics and policies. It is larger for universities that are public and that have strong local development policies, and in states with strong noncompete labor laws, greater reliance on in-state educated scientists, and lower rates of interstate scientific labor mobility. We confirm the impact of noncompete statutes by studying a policy reform in Michigan.