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作者：Bindler, Anna; Hjalmarsson, Randi
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police-the first professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-in-differences and pre-post designs, we find evidence of a significant reduction in violent crimes (despite the possibility of offsetting increases in cle...
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作者：Dauth, Wolfgang; Findeisen, Sebastian; Suedekum, Jens; Woessner, Nicole
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Konstanz; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
摘要：We use detailed administrative data to study the adjustment of local labor markets to industrial robots in Germany. Robot exposure, as predicted by a shift-share variable, is associated with displacement effects in manufacturing, but those are fully offset by new jobs in services. The incidence mostly falls on young workers just entering the labor force. Automation is related to more stable employment within firms for incumbents, and this is driven by workers taking over new tasks in their ori...
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作者：Hall, Jonathan D.
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Economists have long advocated road pricing as an efficiency-enhancing solution to traffic congestion, yet it has rarely been implemented because it is thought to create losers as well as winners. In theory, a judiciously designed toll applied to a portion of the lanes of a highway can generate a Pareto improvement, even before using the toll revenue. This paper explores the practical relevance of this theoretical possibility by using survey and travel time data, combined with a structural mod...
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作者：Chancel, Lucas; Piketty, Thomas
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics
摘要：In this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates from 1820 to 2020. We find that the level of global income inequality has always been very large, reflecting the persistence of a highly hierarchical world economic system. Global inequality increased between 1820 and 1910, in the context of the rise of Western dominance and colonial empires, and then stabilized at a very high level between 1910 and 2...
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作者：Langella, Monica; Manning, Alan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：There has been increasing interest in recent years in monopsony in the labour market. This paper discusses how we can measure monopsony power by combining insights from models based on both frictions and idiosyncrasies. It presents some evidence from the United Kingdom and the United States about how monopsony power varies across the wage distribution within markets, over the business cycle and over time.
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作者：Bourveau, Thomas; Coulomb, Renaud; Sangnier, Marc
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Melbourne; University of Namur; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：This paper investigates whether political connections affect individuals' propensity to engage in white-collar crime. We identify connections by campaign donations or direct friendships and use the 2007 French Presidential election as a marker of change in the value of political connections to the winning candidate. We compare the behavior of Directors of publicly listed companies who were connected to the future President to the behavior of other non-connected Directors, before and after the ...
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作者：Finan, Frederico; Mazzocco, Maurizio
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Politicians allocate public resources in ways that maximize political gains, and potentially at the cost of lower welfare. In this paper, we quantify these welfare costs in the context of Brazil's federal legislature, which grants its members a budget to fund public projects within their states. Using data from the state of Roraima, we estimate a model of politicians' allocation decisions and find that 26.8% of the public funds allocated by legislators are distorted relative to a social planne...
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作者：Jia, Ruixue; Persson, Torsten
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper studies how material incentives and social norms shape ethnic identity choices in China. Provincial policies give material benefits to minorities, which consequently affect the ethnicity choices for children in ethnically mixed marriages. We formalize the ethnic identity choice in a simple framework, which highlights the interaction of (i) material benefits stemming from ethnic policies, (ii) identity costs associated with breaking the norm of following the father's ethnicity, and (...
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作者：Fonseca, Raquel; Michaud, Pierre-Carl; Galama, Titus; Kapteyn, Arie
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Southern California; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We estimate a stochastic life-cycle model of endogenous health spending, asset accumulation, and retirement to investigate the causes behind the increase in health spending and longevity in the United States over the period 1965-2005. Accounting for changes over time in taxes, transfers, Social Security, income, health insurance, smoking and obesity, and technological progress, we estimate that technological progress is responsible for half of the increase in life expectancy over the period. S...
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作者：Muller, Karsten; Schwarz, Carlo
作者单位：Princeton University; Bocconi University
摘要：This paper investigates the link between social media and hate crime. We show that antirefugee sentiment on Facebook predicts crimes against refugees in otherwise similar municipalities with higher social media usage. To establish causality, we exploit exogenous variation in the timing of major Facebook and internet outages. Consistent with a role for echo chambers, we find that right-wing social media posts contain narrower and more loaded content than news reports. Our results suggest that s...
