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作者：Deb, Shubhdeep; Eeckhout, Jan; Patel, Aseem; Warren, Lawrence
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Pompeu Fabra University; University of Essex
摘要：Wages for the vast majority of workers have stagnated since the 1980s while, productivity has grown. We investigate two coexisting explanations based on rising market power: (1) monopsony, where dominant firms exploit the limited mobility of their own workers to pay lower wages; and (2) monopoly, where dominant firms charge too high prices for what they sell, which lowers production and the demand for labor, and hence equilibrium wages economy-wide. Using establishment data from the US Census ...
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作者：Chone, Philippe; Wilner, Lionel
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：In the late 2000s, a regulatory reform dramatically strengthened the incentives of French nonprofit (NP) hospitals to attract patients. Exploiting exhaustive data for surgery treatments between 2005 and 2008, and modeling hospitals as supplying utility to patients, we show that increased competitive pressure on NP hospitals caused them to perform more procedures, but did not inflate overall activity at the industry level. Although they have gained market shares over their for-profit (FP) count...
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作者：Tertilt, Michele; Doepke, Matthias; Hannusch, Anne; Montenbruck, Laura
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Northwestern University
摘要：Two centuries ago, in most countries around the world, women were unable to vote, had no say over their own children or property, and could not obtain a divorce. Women have gradually gained rights in many areas of life, and this legal expansion has been closely intertwined with economic development. We aim to understand the drivers behind these reforms. To this end, we distinguish between four types of women's rights-economic, political, labor, and body-and document their evolution over the pa...
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作者：Ortigueira, Salvador; Pereira, Joana
作者单位：Washington State University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Retroactive tax legislation is constitutional in most high-income countries. In this paper, we are concerned with the fiscal and macroeconomic consequences stemming from retroactive income taxation. Within the context of a real neoclassical economy, we find that if the government can set taxes retroactively within the fiscal year-or if there is a positive probability that a future government will be able to use retroactive taxation-then there exists a multiplicity of expectations-driven equili...
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作者：Gregory, Terry; Salomons, Anna; Zierahn, Ulrich
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Utrecht University
摘要：Digital technologies displace labor from routine tasks, raising concerns that labor is racing against the machine. We develop an empirically tractable task-based framework to estimate the aggregate employment effects of routine-replacing technological change (RRTC), along with the labor and product demand channels through which this aggregate effect comes about, focusing on the role of inter-regional trade. While RRTC has indeed had strong displacement effects in Europe between 1999 and 2010, ...
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作者：Bargain, Olivier; Donni, Olivier; Hentati, Imen
作者单位：Universite de Tunis-El-Manar; CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：We suggest a generalized collective model of consumption that extends Browning, Chiappori, and Lewbel to couples with children. Economies of scale are defined using a general form of Barten scales. We identify resource sharing among household members and, originally, the contribution of each parent to the expenditure on children. We provide a tractable estimation approach based on a simple demand system for male and female clothing, that is, two exclusive goods commonly available in standard s...
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作者：Burzynski, Michal; Deuster, Christoph; Docquier, Frederic; de Melo, Jaime
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; University of Geneva
摘要：This paper investigates the long-term implications of climate change on global migration and inequality. Accounting for the effects of changing temperatures, sea levels, and the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, we model the impact of climate change on productivity and utility in a dynamic general equilibrium framework. By endogenizing people's migration decisions across millions of 5 x 5 km spatial cells, our approach sheds light on the magnitude and dyadic, education-specific str...
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作者：Dhyne, Emmanuel; Kikkawa, Ayumu Ken; Magerman, Glenn
作者单位：European Central Bank; National Bank of Belgium; University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper studies the implications of imperfect competition in firm-to-firm trade. Exploiting data on the universe of sales relationships between Belgian firms, we document that firms' markups increase in the average input shares among their buyers. Motivated by this fact, we develop and estimate a model where firms charge buyer-supplier-specific markups that depend on the bilateral input shares. We find markup dispersion within firms across buyers creates substantial welfare loss: Aggregate ...
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作者：Schmid, Christian P. R.; Schreiner, Nicolas; Stutzer, Alois
作者单位：University of Bern; University of Basel
摘要：How should payment systems of means-tested benefits be designed to improve the financial situation of needy recipients most effectively? We study this question in the context of mandatory health insurance in Switzerland, where recipients initially receive either a cash transfer or subsidized insurance premiums (a form of in-kind transfer). A federal reform in 2014 forced cantons (i.e. states) to universally switch to in-kind provision. We exploit this setting based on a difference-in-differenc...
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作者：Frankel, Alex; Kartik, Navin
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University
摘要：Data-based decision making must account for the manipulation of data by agents who are aware of how decisions are being made and want to affect their allocations. We study a framework in which, due to such manipulation, data become less informative when decisions depend more strongly on data. We formalize why and how a decision maker should commit to underutilizing data. Doing so attenuates information loss and thereby improves allocation accuracy.
