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作者：Hafstead, Marc A. C.; Williams, Roberton C., III
作者单位：Resources for the Future; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of environmental policy on employment (and unemployment) using a new general-equilibrium two-sector search model. We find that imposing a pollution tax causes substantial reductions in employment in the regulated (polluting) industry, but this is offset by increased employment in the unregulated (nonpolluting) sector. As a result, while the policy causes a substantial shift in employment between industries, the net effect on overall employment (and unemployment)...
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作者：Cook, Jason B.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：This study examines the impact of competition due to charter school entry on the level of revenues and the composition of expenditures within traditional public school districts (TPSDs). I leverage a policy change affecting the location and timing of charter entry to account for endogenous charter competition. TPSDs respond to competition by allocating resources away from instructional and other expenditures toward new capital construction. Using teacher contracts, I show that collectively bar...
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作者：Traxler, Christian; Westermaier, Franz G.; Wohlschlegel, Ansgar
作者单位：Hertie School; Max Planck Society; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Wuppertal; University of Portsmouth
摘要：This paper studies drivers' responses to a 'notched' penalty scheme in which speeding penalties are stepwise and discontinuously increasing in speed. We present survey evidence suggesting that drivers in Germany are well aware of the notched penalty structure. Based on a simple analytical framework, we analyze the impact of the notches on drivers' optimal speed choices. The model's predictions are confronted with data on more than 150,000 speeding tickets from the Autobahn and 290,000 speed me...
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作者：Davis, Lewis S.
作者单位：Union College
摘要：This paper investigates the political economy of growth when individuals prefer high levels of relative consumption. A pivotal voter determines the equilibrium tax on capital, the revenues from which fund the provision of productive public goods. The taste for status and the distributions of wealth and political power interact to generate stylized versions of oligarchies, middle-class democracies and populist democracies. A rise in the taste for status increases the role of distributional conc...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Sand, Edith
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Israel
摘要：We estimate the effect of primary school teachers' gender biases on boys' and girls' academic achievements during middle and high school and on the choice of advanced level courses in math and sciences during high school in Tel-Aviv, Israel. We measure bias using class-gender differences in scores between school exams graded by teachers and national exams graded blindly by external examiners. For identification, we rely on the random assignment of teachers and students to classes in primary sc...
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作者：Chatterji, Aaron K.; Kim, Joowon; McDevitt, Ryan C.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We explore a new mechanism to understand state funding for public colleges and universities by leveraging data on the educational experiences of state legislators, specifically if and where they received postsecondary education. Using novel, hand-collected data from 2002 through 2014, we provide comprehensive documentation - for the first time in the literature - on the educational backgrounds of state legislators. We find a statistically significant, positive association between the share of ...
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作者：Lieber, Ethan M. J.; Skimmyhorn, William
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
摘要：Peer effects might play an important role in complex financial decisions because many consumers lack experience with them and the costs of thinking through such decisions can be very high. We study peer effects in retirement savings, life insurance purchase, and two charitable giving programs in a military setting with plausibly exogenous assignment of individuals to social groups. Peers, defined broadly as social groups which may include members of different ranks, appear to play an important...
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作者：Cox, Caleb A.; Stoddard, Brock
作者单位：Virginia Commonwealth University; University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University
摘要：We experimentally investigate team behavior in repeated public goods games and use team chat logs to study motives for contribution. Subjects are matched into two-person teams, and each team makes a joint decision in each period. We compare teams with individuals and find similar overall contributions. However, initial contribution is higher and endgame effects are more pronounced for teams. We examine strategic discussions within teams and find strong evidence of concern for repeated game eff...
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作者：Robbett, Andrea; Matthews, Peter Hans
作者单位：Middlebury College
摘要：We conduct an experiment to characterize the expressive voting behavior of political partisans. We find that participants who are asked to vote on the answer to factual questions tend to offer more partisan responses than those who must answer as decisive individuals. We further test whether voters exploit corrective information that sometimes challenges their partisan views. When information is available, we observe smaller partisan gaps and more correct responses, especially when the informa...
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作者：Valasek, Justin
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：State capacity is optimized when public institutions are staffed by individuals with public-service motivation. However, when motivated agents value the collective reputation of their place of employment, steady-state equilibria with both high and low aggregate motivation (reputation) in the mission-oriented sector exist. Reforming a low-motivation institution requires a non-monotonic wage path: since the effect of higher wages on motivation is negative for a high-reputation institution, but p...
