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作者：Kahn, ME
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Technological innovation has reduced the effect of diabetes. Diabetic behavioral modification in the face and expectation of medical improvement should lead to improved labor market outcomes. This article uses three cross-sectional data sets, from 1976, 1989, and 1992, to document improvements in diabetic labor market performance. Women diabetics have significantly increased their labor force participation while male diabetics have slightly reduced their participation relative to nondiabetics.
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作者：Clark, TE
摘要：This study quantifies the roles of national, region-specific, and industry-specific shocks in aggregate employment fluctuations in U.S. regions and industries. Variation among the growth rates of major regions and industries is decomposed into unobserved national, region-, and industry-specific components. The results reject the view that any heterogeneity in regional fluctuations is attributable to differences in industry composition. After controlling for industry mix effects, roughly 40% of...
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作者：Loewenstein, MA; Spletzer, JR
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicate that the employer often pays the explicit costs of not-only on-site training but also off-site general training. Although few of these costs appear to be passed on to workers in the form of a lower wage while in training, completed spells of general training paid for by previous employers have a larger wage effect than completed spells of general training paid for by the current-employer, A model where contract enforcement considerat...
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作者：Lang, K
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：Prior to trade liberalization in the 1980s, New Zealand heavily protected low-wage industries. Consequently, trade liberalization was desirable from the perspective of both traditional and new trade theories. While liberalization decreased employment in protected industries somewhat, it also significantly affected wages, noticeably diminishing the effect of liberalization on employment in previously protected industries and thus reducing the postliberalization shift in the industrial compositi...
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作者：Fehr, E; Kirchler, E; Weichbold, A; Gachter, S
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Vienna
摘要：Do competitive markets remove the effect of social norms on market outcomes? Or are norms capable of exerting a persistent influence! In this article we report the results of a series of competitive market and bilateral bargaining experiments. They indicate that the norm of reciprocity gives rise to wages that are persistently above the competitive level. Moreover, wages under bilateral bargaining conditions coincide with wages in competitive markets, indicating that competition has a limited ...
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作者：Moore, WJ; Newman, RJ; Turnbull, GK
作者单位：Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：This article reexamines the negative seniority-earnings relationship for academic economists. The empirical results show that the anomalous negative seniority effect found in earlier academic market studies holds in the absence of direct measures of research productivity. The negative effect, however, eventually disappears as more comprehensive measures of publishing, citations, and other productivity measures are included in the wage equation to control for the quantity and quality of faculty...
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作者：Cramton, P; Tracy, J
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：It is argued in many circles that a structural change occurred in U.S. collective bargaining in the 1980s. We investigate the extent to which the hiring of replacement workers can account for these changes. For a sample of over 300 major strikes since 1980, we estimate the likelihood of replacements being hired. Reducing the replacement risk to the pre-1982 levels would have led to a reduction in the dispute incidence by 5 percentage points, an increase in the fraction of disputes involving a ...
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作者：Waldfogel, J
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：In the United States and Britain, there is a family gap between the wages of mothers and other women. Differential returns to marital and parental status explain 40%-50% of the gender gap. Another 30%-40% is explained by women's lower levels of work experience and lower returns to experience. Taking advantage of quasi experiments in job-protected maternity leave in the United States and Britain, this article finds that women who had leave coverage and returned to work after childbirth received...
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作者：Grogger, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：To study the problem of widespread youth crime, I analyze a time-allocation model in which consumers face parametric wages and diminishing marginal returns to crime. The theory motivates an econometric model that I estimate using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. My estimates suggest that youth behavior is responsive to price incentives and that falling real wages may have been an important determinant of rising youth crime during the 1970s and 1980s. Moreover, wage differen...
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作者：Burdett, K; Cunningham, EJ
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：We attempt to further characterize the search strategies of the employer. In the article, we discuss how characteristics of the employer or conditions that the employer faces affect the optimal search strategies and the probability of filling a vacancy in each period. Semiparametric and parametric methods are used to estimate hazard rates of filling vacancies. The results suggest that for the given sample of vacancies, the general form of the hazard function is nonmonotonic. Additionally, the ...
