作者：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
作者：University of Trento; Queens University - Canada
作者：University of Wisconsin System
作者：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
作者：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Middlebury College
作者：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We revisit the evidence on the relations between institutions, the cost of government debt, and financial development in Britain (1690-1790) and find that interest rates remained high and volatile for four decades after the Glorious Revolution, partly due to wars and instability; British interest rates co-moved with those in Holland; Debt per capita remained lower in Britain than in Holland until around 1780; and Britain did not borrow at lower rates than European countries with more limited p...
作者：University of Tokyo
摘要：At the beginning of the twentieth century, U.S. tobacco manufacturers were not forging ahead of their leading European counterparts in technology, productivity, or managerial techniques. On some indicators, including per capita cigarette consumption, the United States strikingly lagged. Fiscal discrimination against cigarettes, amplified by the monopoly pricing, strategic choices, and organizational overload of the American Tobacco trust, were among the retarding factors.
