作者：Santa Clara University; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University
作者：University of Birmingham
摘要：This article contributes to the debate on the causes of unemployment in interwar Germany. It applies the Layard-Nickell model of the labor market to interwar data. The results indicate that demand shocks, combined with nominal inertia in the labor market, were important in explaining unemployment. Real wage pressures due to procedures for wage determination were a major influence on unemployment, but were partly offset by movements in other supply-side variables, such as the replacement ratio ...
作者：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：This article describes a newly constructed data set of all U.S. state banks from 1782 to 1861. It contains the names and locations of all banks and branches that went into business and an estimate of when each operated. The compilation is based on reported balance sheets, listings in banknote reporters, and secondary sources. Based on these data, the article presents a count of the number of banks and branches in business by state. I argue that my series are superior to previously existing one...
作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
