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作者:Humboldt University of Berlin
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作者:Northwestern University
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作者:Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要:The 1940s marked a turning point in the labor market outcomes of African-American women. They experienced large wage gains relative to white women, sharp declines in agricultural and domestic service work, and significant increases in formal sector employment. Using a semiparametric decomposition technique, we assess the influence of changes in productive and personal characteristics, in workers' distribution across occupations and locations, and in the wage structure on both black women's abs...
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作者:Harvard University
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作者:University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者:University of Amsterdam
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作者:University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要:Using the 1888 Cost of Living Survey, I estimate the demand for calories of American and British industrial workers. I find that the income and expenditure elasticities of calories for American households are significantly lower than the corresponding elasticities for British households, suggesting that American industrial workers were nutritionally better off than their British counterparts. I further find that the calorie elasticity differential between the two countries was driven by the hi...
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作者:Davidson College
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作者:Stanford University
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作者:University of Lausanne
摘要:Some English country banks were more like modem venture capital firms than modem banks in terms of legal and managerial structure, size and source of investment funding, size and nature of investments, and riskiness. This is exemplified by Praed & Co. of Truro, which was heavily engaged in financing the adoption of a risky new technology-Watt steam engines-by Cornish copper mines in the period 1775-1800. If some banks were proto-venture capital firms, rather than proto-banks, then their illiqu...