Journal of Development Economics

最新文章

• Public health insurance and pharmaceutical innovation: Evidence from China AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Xuan; Nie, Huihua
  作者单位：Singapore Management University; Renmin University of China
  摘要：Developing countries are characterized by low levels of pharmaceutical innovation. A likely reason is their small market size, which is not because of the population size but because of low levels of income and lack of health insurance coverage. This study exploits a natural experiment from the implementation of a public health insurance program for rural residents in China (New Cooperative Medical Scheme [NCMS]) to examine whether the pharmaceutical industry increases innovation regarding dis...
• Income inequality under colonial rule. Evidence from French Algeria, Cameroon, Tunisia, and Vietnam and comparisons with British colonies 1920-1960k AI翻译
  作者：Alvaredo, Facundo; Cogneau, Denis; Piketty, Thomas
  作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics
  摘要：We assess income inequality across French and British colonial empires between 1920 and 1960, exploiting for the first time income tax tabulations. As measured by top income shares, inequality was high in colonies. Europeans comprised the bulk of top income earners, and only a minority of autochthons could compete incomewise. Top income shares were no higher in settlement colonies, those territories were wealthier and the average European settler was less rich than the average expatriate. Ineq...
• How does delegating decisions to communities affect the provision and use of a public service? Evidence from a field experiment in Bangladesh* AI翻译
  作者：Madajewicz, Malgosia; Tompsett, Anna; Habib, Md. Ahasan
  作者单位：Columbia University; Stockholm University; Royal Institute of Technology
  摘要：Most development practitioners would list engaging communities in the provision of public services among best practices for improving access. However, whether community participation enhances provision and use of public services relative to a non-participatory approach is largely unknown because few studies compare impacts when the same public service intervention is implemented with and without community participation. This field experiment compares three approaches to providing safe water in...
• Exploitation of labor? Classical monopsony power and labor's share AI翻译
  作者：Brooks, Wyatt J.; Kaboski, Joseph P.; Li, Yao Amber; Qian, Wei
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
  摘要：How important is the exercise of classical monopsony power against labor for the level of wages and labor's share? We examine this in the context of China and India - two large, rapidly-growing developing economies. Using theory, we develop a novel method to quantify how wages are affected by the exertion of market power in labor markets. The theory guides the measurement of labor markdowns, i.e., the gap between wage and the value of the marginal product of labor, and the method examines how ...
• Supply variabilities in public workfares* AI翻译
  作者：Bahal, Girish; Shrivastava, Anand
  作者单位：University of Western Australia; Azim Premji Foundation; Azim Premji University Bengaluru
  摘要：This paper presents a model of the labor market where public workfares increase private wages by reducing labor supply. In a dynamic setting, we show that when wages are downwardly rigid, forward-looking employers optimally compress wage increases in response to intertemporal variability in the level of program implementation. The model generates two key predictions: greater variability in program provision results in a larger compression of wage increases, and compression of wage increases is...
• Children on the move: Progressive redistribution of humanitarian cash transfers among refugees AI翻译
  作者：Ozler, Berk; Celik, Cigdem; Cunningham, Scott; Cuevas, P. Facundo; Parisotto, Luca
  作者单位：The World Bank; Baylor University
  摘要：We evaluate the impact of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) in Turkey, the largest cash transfer program for international refugees in the world. We provide prima facie evidence that the program quickly caused substantial changes in household size and composition, with a net movement of primarily school-aged children from ineligible to eligible households. As a result, we observe a sharp decline in poverty and inequality in the entire study population. ESSN also caused a moderate increase...
• Story of the hurricane: Government, NGOs, and the difference in disaster relief targeting AI翻译
  作者：Fitch-Fleischmann, Benjamin; Kresch, Evan Plous
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Oberlin College
  摘要：After catastrophes, international donors offering assistance must decide whether to channel resources via the local government or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). We examine how these channels differ in targeting aid by combining survey data on aid received by Nicaraguan households before and after Hurricane Mitch. In the short term, NGOs provided aid according to hurricane severity, while government aid allocations were not significantly higher in the hardest hit areas. However, governm...
• The impact of forced displacement on host communities: A review of the empirical literature in economics AI翻译
  作者：Verme, Paolo; Schuettler, Kirsten
  作者单位：The World Bank
  摘要：The paper reviews 59 empirical studies that estimated the economic impact of forced displacement on host communities. A review of the empirical models used by these studies and a meta-analysis of 972 separate results collected from these studies are the main contributions of the paper. Coverage extends to 19 major forced displacement crises that occurred between 1922 and 2018, to host countries at different levels of economic development and different types of forced migrants. Results refer to...
• A gravity analysis of refugee mobility using mobile phone data AI翻译
  作者：Beine, Michel; Bertinelli, Luisito; Coemertpay, Rana; Litina, Anastasia; Maystadt, Jean-Francois
  作者单位：University of Luxembourg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Macedonia; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Lancaster University
  摘要：The objective of this study consists in analyzing the determinants of the internal mobility of refugees in Turkey. We track down this mobility relying on geolocalized mobile phone calls data and bring these measures to a micro founded gravity model in order to estimate the main drivers of refugee mobility across 26 regions in 2017. Our results show that the movements of refugees are sensitive to income differentials and contribute therefore to a more efficient allocation of labor across space....
• Mass persuasion and the ideological origins of the Chinese Cultural Revolution AI翻译
  作者：Ou, Susan; Xiong, Heyu
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
  摘要：We study the role of media in the transmission of ideology during the Cultural Revolution. We find that counties with a stronger radio signal experienced higher revolutionary intensity as shown by the number of killings. We also find that the effects of radio were concentrated in areas where Mandarin, the language of state-sponsored broadcasts, was better understood. This suggests that the extent of state persuasion was constrained by the linguistic heterogeneity of the population. Through inv...