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作者：Jack, B. Kelsey; Jayachandran, Seema; Malagutti, Flavio; Rao, Sarojini
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Princeton University
摘要：In addition to generating a negative environmental externality, a household's water consumption entails another market failure: household members free-ride off each other and overconsume. The problem stems from consumption being billed at the household level and the difficulty of monitoring one another's consumption. We document the importance of this phenomenon in urban Zambia by combining utility billing records and randomized person-specific price variation. We derive and empirically confir...
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作者：Zappala, Guglielmo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Paris School of Economics
摘要：As the climate changes, efficient climate policy requires a better understanding of how individuals adapt. Despite extensive research on various climate adaptation frictions, including financial and technological constraints, models of adaptive decision -making assume that agents have perfect information and accurate beliefs about climate. Combining rural household data in Bangladesh with a meteorological measure of dryness, this paper studies the role of individual drought beliefs and their a...
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作者：Baul, Tushi; Karlan, Dean; Toyama, Kentaro; Vasilaky, Kathryn
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California State University System; California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; Columbia University
摘要：Providing agricultural advice at scale poses operational challenges. Technology may help if repeating content reinforces learning for recipients and thus improves adoption, but risks reducing efficacy given limited customization and human interaction. We tested videos shared with female farmers in India as a supplement to standard human -provided extension services promoting a climate -smart practice, System Rice Intensification. The average treatment effects are large but imprecise because of...
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作者：Carreira, Igor; Costa, Francisco; Pessoa, Joao Paulo
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Delaware; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper quantifies the relative footprint of trade and agricultural productivity on deforestation across Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2017. Using remote-sensing data, we identify distinct effects of these two phenomena on land use. Greater exposure to new genetically engineered soy seeds is associated with faster deforestation through cropland expansion. We find no significant association between local exposure to Chinese demand and deforestation, but exposure to trade with Chi...
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作者：Lorz, Oliver; Thede, Susanna
作者单位：RWTH Aachen University; University of Malta; Orebro University
摘要：In this paper, we consider aid payments as a possible explanation for tariff overhangs. We set up a theoretical model in which rich countries use development aid to pay for tariff concessions by poorer countries. The more aid they receive as compensation, the more poor countries reduce the applied tariff below the bound tariff rate. Anticipating this mechanism, countries can negotiate a bound tariff rate that induces the joint optimal applied tariff and aid as outcomes. We empirically examine ...
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作者：Frohnweiler, Sarah; Beber, Bernd; Ebert, Cara
作者单位：University of Gottingen; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：Information frictions about benefits of migration can lead to inefficient migration choices. We study the effects of randomly assigned information treatments concerning regional income differentials in Ghana and Uganda to explore participants' belief updating and changes in internal migration intentions, destination preferences, and actual migration. Treated participants prefer higher income destinations, while effects on intent plausibly follow subjects' initial under- or overestimation of po...
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作者：Aggarwal, Shilpa; Jeong, Dahyeon; Kumar, Naresh; Park, David Sungho; Robinson, Jonathan; Spearot, Alan
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB); The World Bank; KDI School of Public Policy & Management; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Cambridge
摘要：While cash transfers consistently show large effects on immediate outcomes like consumption, limited access to markets may mute their impact on productive investment. In an experiment in Malawi, we cross -cut cash transfers with an input fair, designed to reduce transport costs to access agricultural inputs. Cash alone increases investment by 27%, while the joint provision of cash and the input fair increases investment by about 40%; thus, the incremental effect of the input fair is equivalent...
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作者：Aguilar-Gomez, Sandra; Gutierrez, Emilio; Heres, David; Jaume, David; Tobal, Martin
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico; Bank of Mexico
摘要：The frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events are likely to increase with climate change. Using a detailed dataset containing information on the universe of loans extended by commercial banks to private firms in Mexico, we examine the relationship between extreme temperatures and credit performance. We find that unusually hot days increase delinquency rates, primarily affecting the agricultural sector, but also nonagricultural industries that rely heavily on local demand. Our resul...
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作者：Dillon, Andrew; Mensah, Edouard
作者单位：Northwestern University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Two sources of respondent bias introduce measurement error into household statistics: asymmetric information between the proxy respondent and the individual on whom they report; and aggregation bias when a proxy respondent reports on a household-level outcome across multiple individuals. We estimate the effects of respondent biases in a survey experiment in Burkina Faso by varying who reports on the agricultural production of household members. We find respondent biases are not solely attribut...
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作者：Gazeaud, Jules; Ricard, Claire
作者单位：Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); American University Cairo; Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Hassan II University of Casablanca
摘要：A large literature has documented the positive effects of conditional cash transfer programs on school enrollment. However, evidence on their learning impacts is mixed and provides little insights into the mechanisms at play. Using a regression discontinuity analysis of a program implemented at scale in Morocco, we identify a substantial decrease in dropout rates in treated municipalities, which increased both class size and heterogeneity in class composition, and ultimately had negative impac...
