-
作者：Droller, Federico
作者单位：Universidad de Santiago de Chile
摘要：This article analyses the impact of population composition on long run economic development, by studying European migration to Argentina during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1914). I use an instrumental variables (IV) approach that assigns immigrants to counties by interacting two sources of variation: the availability of land for settlement and the arrival of Europeans over time. Counties with historically higher shares of European population in 1914 have higher per capita GDP 80years later...
-
作者：Lee, Sang Yoon (Tim); Seshadri, Ananth
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We employ equality of opportunity (EOP) definitions from the literature on distributive justice to a quantitative model featuring intergenerational human capital investments and luck. When calibrated to the US, the model-implied degree of EOP differs substantially depending on whether one considers it ethical to reward offspring for the effort of previous generations. Despite reducing intragenerational inequality, education subsidies do little to promote EOP. This is because if one thinks inte...
-
作者：Ozden, Caglar; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; The World Bank
-
作者：Braun, Sebastian Till; Stuhler, Jan
作者单位：University of St Andrews; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：This article shows that across multiple generations, the persistence of occupational and educational attainment in Germany is larger than estimates from two generations suggest. We consider two recent interpretations. First, we assess Gregory Clark's hypotheses that the true rate of intergenerational persistence is higher than the observed rate, as high as 0.75, and time-invariant. Our evidence supports the first but not the other two hypotheses. Second, we test for independent effects of gran...
-
作者：Acconcia, Antonio; Cantabene, Claudia
作者单位：Universita della Campania Vanvitelli; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：A stimulus programme allowed firms in Italy to receive tax credits for R&D expenditure in 2009. Among traditional firms, liquidity is relevant to the response to the stimulus: recipients firms with relative large cash holdings raised R&D expenditure, while those with low liquidity did not vary it. High-tech firms did not change their total R&D, consistent with their tendency to smooth R&D expenditure through time, though they changed its composition in favour of outsourcing activity and to the...
-
作者：Bauer, Michal; Fiala, Nathan; Levely, Ian
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; University of Connecticut; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：The stability of many post-conflict societies rests on the successful reintegration of former soldiers. We use a set of behavioural experiments to study the effects of forced military service for a rebel group (the Lord's Resistance Army) on trust and trustworthiness in Northern Uganda. We present evidence that soldiers did not self-select nor were systematically screened by rebels. We find that the experience of soldiering increases individual trustworthiness and community engagement, especia...
-
作者：Guell, Maia; Pellizzari, Michele; Pica, Giovanni; Mora, Jose V. Rodriguez
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Edinburgh; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Geneva; University of Milan; Alan Turing Institute; University of Edinburgh; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We construct comparable measures of intergenerational mobility (IM) for 103 Italian provinces using the methodology of Guell etal. (2007, 2015a) and explore their correlation with a variety of social and economic outcomes. We find that higher IM is positively associated with economic activity, education and social capital and negatively correlated with inequality. Moreover, there is no clear pattern of correlation with other socio-political variables. These results are qualitatively similar to...
-
作者：Impullitti, Giammario; Licandro, Omar
作者单位：University of Nottingham; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE)
摘要：We study the welfare gains from trade in an economy with heterogeneous firms, variable markups and endogenous growth. Variable markups arise from oligopolistic competition, and cost-reducing innovation is the engine of long-run growth. Trade liberalisation stiffens competition by reducing markups, generating tougher firm selection and increasing the aggregate productivity level. Selection increases firms' incentives to innovate, thereby leading to a higher aggregate productivity growth rate. E...
-
作者：Michaels, Guy; Rauch, Ferdinand
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：Do fixed geographic features such as coastlines and rivers determine town locations, or can historical events trap towns in unfavourable locations for centuries? We examine the effects on town locations of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which temporarily ended urbanisation in Britain, but not in France. As urbanisation recovered, medieval towns were more often found in Roman-era town locations in France than in Britain. The resetting of Britain's urban network gave it better access ...
-
作者：Durrmeyer, Isis; Samano, Mario
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：We compare the welfare effects in equilibrium of two environmental regulations that aim at increasing the new cars fleet's average fuel efficiency: the fuel economy standards and the feebate policies. Maintaining the same environmental benefit and tax revenue, we simulate each policy in France and the US. Standard-type policies have larger negative welfare effects, up to 1.7 times those from the feebate. Effects on manufacturers are heterogeneous: some are better off under the feebate. A marke...
