-
作者：Johnsen, Julian Vedeler; Vaage, Kjell; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：In this paper we exploit the introduction of an early retirement reform in Norway to provide new evidence on interactions in public policies across programs and household members. The analysis generates four results. First, the reform decreased the employment of the directly affected individuals. Second, the introduction of the early retirement option caused program substitution away from alternative welfare programs. Third, it reduced employment among spouses of directly affected individuals....
-
作者：Piguillem, Facundo; Shi, Liyan
摘要：We study quantitatively the optimality of quarantine and testing policies; and whether they are complements or substitutes. We extend the epidemiological susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model to incorporate an information friction. Our main finding is that testing is a cost-efficient substitute for lockdowns, rendering them almost unnecessary. By identifying carriers, testing contains the spread of the virus without reducing output, although the implementation requires widespread mass...
-
作者：Macours, Karen; Premand, Patrick; Vakis, Renos
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; INRAE; The World Bank
摘要：We present experimental evidence on a programme aimed at improving households' risk management through income diversification. The intervention targeted rural Nicaraguan households exposed to weather variability and combined a one-year conditional cash transfer with vocational training or a productive investment grant. Both complementary interventions provided protection against weather shocks two years after the programme ended. Households that received the productive investment grant also ha...
-
作者：Fitzenberger, Bernd; Mena, Gary; Nimczik, Jan; Sunde, Uwe
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Humboldt University of Berlin; European School of Management & Technology; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Economists increasingly recognise the importance of personality traits for socio-economic outcomes, but little is known about the stability of these traits over the life cycle. Existing empirical contributions typically focus on age patterns and disregard cohort and period influences. This paper contributes novel evidence for the separability of age, period and cohort effects for a broad range of personality traits based on systematic specification tests for disentangling age, period and cohor...
-
作者：Kiso, Takahiko
作者单位：University of Aberdeen
摘要：This study considers a new subsidy design to support the purchase or production of target products. Under the proposed design, subsidy payments are inversely related to product prices. Compared to 'flat' subsidies, this design reduces producers' market power and the subsidy benefits passed on to them, improving the cost-effectiveness of government spending (by up to 50% according to simulations based on an actual subsidy programme). Additionally, this subsidy's cost-effectiveness and incidence...
-
作者：Chen, Natalie; Novy, Dennis
作者单位：University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：How do trade costs affect international trade? This paper offers a new approach. We rely on a flexible gravity equation that predicts variable trade cost elasticities, both across and within country pairs. We apply this framework to popular trade cost variables such as currency unions, trade agreements and World Trade Organization membership. While we estimate that these variables are associated with increased bilateral trade on average, we find substantial heterogeneity. Consistent with the p...
-
作者：Chen, Ting; Han, Li; Kung, James; Xie, Jiaxin
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Hong Kong; Jinan University
摘要：By matching data on land transactions in China's primary land market with detailed curricula vitae of board directors in publicly listed firms, we identify a pattern of 'revolving-door' exchanges between local officials and firms. The officials discounted the price of land that they sold to the said firms, and were subsequently rewarded with board appointments upon retirement. Specifically, these 'client officials' are three times as likely to be recruited by the 'patron firms' as board direct...
-
作者：McCarthy, David; Sefton, James; Lee, Ronald; Sambt, Joze
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Imperial College London; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Ljubljana
摘要：We develop Generational Wealth Accounts (GWA): the first set of balance sheets, by generations, to include all human capital, tangible wealth, financial wealth, and transfer wealth, and the uses to which these are put, and employ them to quantify inter-generational transfers and the sustainability of consumption. Consumption plans in the UK public sector worsened over the financial crisis and are unsustainable; private sector plans improved, and are now almost balanced. Increases in private ca...
-
作者：Bouton, Laurent; Gallego, Jorge; Llorente-Saguer, Aniol; Morton, Rebecca
作者单位：Georgetown University; Universidad del Rosario; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; New York University
摘要：We study experimentally the properties of the majority run-off system and compare them to those of plurality rule. Our focus is on Duverger's famous prediction that the plurality rule leads to higher co-ordination of votes on a limited number of candidates than the majority run-off rule. We find strong co-ordination forces under both systems. However, as predicted by the theory, in some cases these forces are stronger under plurality. Despite these differences in voting behaviour, we find smal...
-
作者：Browning, Martin; Donni, Olivier; Gortz, Mette
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; CY Cergy Paris Universite; University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We develop a theoretical model for the intra-household allocation of time and consumption that distinguishes between partners' joint and private leisure. Estimating the model using time-use data leads to five findings. First, the intra-household expenditure distribution correlates with relative wages, consistent with the collective model. Second, men put relatively more weight on private expenditure and composite leisure. Third, joint and private leisure are imperfect substitutes. Fourth, join...
