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作者：Jessen, Jonas; Jessen, Robin; Galecka-Burdziak, Ewa; Gora, Marek; Kluve, Jochen
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Warsaw School of Economics; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：We quantify micro and macro effects of changes in the potential benefit duration (PBD) in unemployment insurance. In Poland, the PBD is 12 months for the newly unemployed if the previous year's county unemployment rate is more than 150% of the national average, and 6 months otherwise. We exploit this cut-off using regression discontinuity estimates on registry data containing the universe of unemployed from 2005 to 2019. For those whose PBD is directly affected by the policy rule, benefit reci...
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作者：Brotherhood, Luiz; Kircher, Philipp; Santos, Cezar; Tertilt, Michele
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Cornell University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Mannheim
摘要：This paper investigates the importance of the age composition for pandemic policy design. To do so, it introduces an economic framework with age heterogeneity, individual choice, and incomplete information, emphasising the value of testing. Calibrating the model to the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic reveals an 80% reduction in the death toll due to voluntary actions and the lockdown implemented in the US. The optimal lockdown, however, is more stringent than what was implemented. Moreover, the social ...
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作者：Delventhal, Matthew J.; Parkhomenko, Andrii
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：We build a quantitative spatial model in which some workers can substitute on-site effort with work done from home. Ability and propensity to telecommute vary by education and industry. We quantify our framework to match the distribution of jobs and residents across 4,502 U.S. locations. Then, we simulate permanent increases in the attractiveness and productivity of telework that lead to greater adoption of hybrid and fully remote work. To validate our model, we show that our results are posit...
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作者：Kalouptsidi, Myrto; Kitamura, Yuichi; Lima, Lucas; Souza-Rodrigues, Eduardo
作者单位：Harvard University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; University of Toronto
摘要：Discrete choice data allow researchers to recover differences in utilities, but these differences may not suffice to identify policy-relevant counterfactuals of interest. In fact, in the case of dynamic discrete choice models, only a narrow set of counterfactuals are point-identified. In this paper, we explore how much one can learn about counterfactual outcomes of interest within this framework. We focus on the partial identification of counterfactuals, while allowing for (mild) model restric...
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作者：Kocherlakota, Narayana R.
作者单位：University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article reconsiders the question of optimal labour income taxes for the very rich in the context of a flexible moral hazard model. In this setting, risk is not exogenous. Rather, each agent can affect the probabilities of all possible income outcomes by allocating a fixed time endowment across a variety of distinct tasks. I prove that the optimal income tax rates on high-end earners and the optimal Pareto tail index of the pre-tax labour income distribution are both endogenously determine...
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作者：Ashraf, Nava; Bakhtin, Maxim; Field, Erica; Voena, Alessandra; Ziparo, Roberta
作者单位：University of London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; London School Economics & Political Science; Analysis Group Inc.; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：While men and women make joint decisions about fertility, women give birth and are more likely to learn about a significant cost of childbearing-maternal health risk. Within couples in Zambia, men have systematically lower awareness of maternal risk factors and higher desire for children than their wives. We develop a model in which information asymmetries between partners over maternal health risk can persist in equilibrium due to strategic incentives and can generate disagreement over fertil...
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作者：Matranga, Andrea; Natkhov, Timur
作者单位：University of Turin; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：This article examines the emergence of coercive labour institutions using the case of serfdom in early modern Russia. We argue that serfdom consolidated under the pressure of landholding military elites who gained political influence due to the prolonged struggle with steppe nomads. To contain nomadic raids, the Russian state erected defence lines on the southern frontier, and granted land in the area to soldiers in charge of its defence. The soldiers could not farm while on defence duty, nor ...
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作者：Helensdotter, Ronja
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper studies the effects of the court-ordered removal of children from home on health, crime, and education. To isolate causal effects, I exploit quasi-random variation in judge assignment together with across-judge variation in the tendency to favour removal in an instrumental variable design. Using a novel data set (N=26,579) based on Swedish court documents that I transcribe and link with detailed register data, I find that court-ordered out-of-home placement has large adverse effects...
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作者：Hosseini, Roozbeh; Kopecky, Karen; Zhao, Kai
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Emory University; University of Connecticut
摘要：Using a dynamic panel approach, we provide empirical evidence that negative health shocks significantly reduce earnings. The effect is primarily driven by the participation margin and is concentrated among the less educated and those in poor health. Next, we develop a life-cycle model of labour supply featuring risky and heterogeneous frailty profiles that affect individuals' productivity, likelihood of access to social insurance, disutility from work, mortality, and medical expenses. Individu...
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作者：Gaggl, Paul; Gorry, Aspen; vom Lehn, Christian
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Clemson University; Brigham Young University
摘要：We study structural change in production networks for intermediate inputs (input-output network) and new capital (investment network). For each network, we document that the share of output produced by services (relative to goods) is rising over time. While the relative prices of services that produce intermediates and consumption are rising, we find that the relative price of services that produce investment is falling over time. We then develop a multi-sector growth model to study these tren...
