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作者：Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou; Khandelwal, Amit Kumar; Pavcnik, Nina; Topalova, Petia
摘要：New goods play a central role in many trade and growth models. We use detailed trade and firm-level data from India to investigate the relationship between declines in trade costs, imports of intermediate inputs, and domestic firm product scope. We estimate substantial gains from trade through access to new imported inputs. Moreover, we find that lower input tariffs account on average for 31% of the new products introduced by domestic firms. This effect is driven to a large extent by increased...
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作者：Lileeva, Alla; Trefler, Daniel
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Market size matters for innovation and hence for productivity. Improved access to foreign markets will thus encourage firms to simultaneously export and invest in raising productivity. We examine this insight using the responses of Canadian plants to the elimination of U. S. tariffs. Unique plant-specific tariff cuts serve as an instrument for changes in exporting. We find that Canadian plants that were induced by the tariff cuts to start exporting or to export more (a) increased their labor p...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Shleifer, Andrei
作者单位：Harvard University; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：We document that, in a cross section of countries, government regulation is strongly negatively correlated with measures of trust. In a simple model explaining this correlation, distrust creates public demand for regulation, whereas regulation in turn discourages formation of trust, leading to multiple equilibria. A key implication of the model is that individuals in low-trust countries want more government intervention even though they know the government is corrupt. We test this and other im...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Page, Marianne E.; West, James E.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Why aren't there more women in science? This paper begins to shed light on this question by exploiting data from the U. S. Air Force Academy, where students are randomly assigned to professors for a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses. We focus on the role of professor gender. Our results suggest that although professor gender has little impact on male students, it has a powerful effect on female students' performance in math and science classes, and high-performing female students'...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Northwestern University; New Economic School
摘要：We study dynamic selection of governments under different political institutions, with a special focus on institutional flexibility. A government consists of a subset of the individuals in the society. The competence level of the government in office determines collective utilities (e.g., by determining the amount and quality of public goods), and each individual derives additional utility from being part of the government (e.g., rents from holding office). We characterize the dynamic evolutio...
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作者：Cohen, Jessica; Dupas, Pascaline
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：It is often argued that cost-sharing-charging a subsidized, positive price-for a health product is necessary to avoid wasting resources on those who will not use or do not need the product. We explore this argument through a field experiment in Kenya, in which we randomized the price at which prenatal clinics could sell long-lasting antimalarial insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to pregnant women. We find no evidence that cost-sharing reduces wastage on those who will not use the product: wo...
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作者：Gould, Eric D.; Klor, Esteban F.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper examines whether terrorism is an effective tool for achieving political goals. By exploiting geographic variation in terror attacks in Israel from 1988 to 2006, we show that local terror attacks cause Israelis to be more willing to grant territorial concessions to the Palestinians. These effects are stronger for demographic groups that are traditionally right-wing in their political views. However, terror attacks beyond a certain threshold cause Israelis to adopt a less accommodatin...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Yale University; Harvard University; Princeton University; Dartmouth College; Yale University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Harvard University; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)
摘要：Firms spend billions of dollars developing advertising content, yet there is little field evidence on how much or how it affects demand. We analyze a direct mail field experiment in South Africa implemented by a consumer lender that randomized advertising content, loan price, and loan offer deadlines simultaneously. We find that advertising content significantly affects demand. Although it was difficult to predict ex ante which specific advertising features would matter most in this context, t...
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作者：Hong, Harrison; Kacperczyk, Marcin
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：We attempt to measure the effect of competition on bias in the context of analyst earnings forecasts, which are known to be excessively optimistic because of conflicts of interest. Our natural experiment for competition is mergers of brokerage houses, which result in the firing of analysts because of redundancy (e.g., one of the two oil stock analysts is let go) and other reasons such as culture clash. We use this decrease in analyst coverage for stocks covered by both merging houses before th...
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作者：Kesten, Onur
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：An increasingly popular practice for student assignment to public schools in the United States is the use of school choice systems. The celebrated Gale-Shapley student-optimal stable mechanism (SOSM) has recently replaced two deficient student assignment mechanisms that were in use in New York City and Boston. We provide theoretical evidence that the SOSM outcome may produce large welfare losses. Then we propose an efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism (EADAM) that allows a student...
