-
作者：HIRSHLEIFER, J
摘要：Anarchy, defined as a system in which participants can seize and defend resources without regulation from above, is not chaos but rather a spontaneous order. However, anarchy is fragile and may dissolve either into formless ''amorphy'' or into a more organized system such as hierarchy. Under anarchy, each contestant balances between productive exploitation of the current resource base and fighting to acquire or defend resources. Anarchy is sustainable only when there are strongly diminishing r...
-
作者：JACOBY, HG
摘要：Polygyny is still practiced throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, with important social consequences. This paper makes the first attempt to link African polygyny directly to the productivity of women in agriculture using micro data. I develop a structural model of the demand for wives that disentangles wealth and substitution effects. Using a large household survey from Cote d'Ivoire, I find that marked geographic diversity in cropping patterns leads to regional variation in female labor prod...
-
作者：TEULINGS, CN
摘要：This paper discusses a general equilibrium model of the assignment of heterogeneous workers to heterogeneous jobs. Both jobs and workers are measured along a continuous one-dimensional scale. The composition of labor supply is represented by a distribution function. Workers maximize their earnings. Highly skilled workers have an absolute advantage in all jobs and a comparative advantage in complex jobs. Utility is represented by a constant elasticity of substitution function defined over the o...
-
作者：ROEGER, W
摘要：It is well known that under the assumptions of constant returns to scale, perfect competition, and the absence of factor hoarding, primal and dual productivity measures should be highly correlated. The apparent lack of correlation is usually attributed to fixed factors of production. In this paper I propose an alternative explanation by relaxing the assumption of perfect competition. By controlling for the presence of a markup component, I demonstrate that both productivity measures are in fac...
-
作者：JOVANOVIC, B; MACDONALD, GM
作者单位：University of Rochester
摘要：This paper studies the evolution of a competitive industry in which a fixed number of firms reduce costs by innovating and by imitating their rivals' technologies. As the firms' technologies gradually improve, industry output expands and price falls. Technological leaders tend to rely on innovations to reduce their costs, whereas the laggards rely more on imitation. Imitation causes technology to spread from the leaders to the followers and forces some convergence of technology among firms as ...
-
作者：SUEN, W; MO, PH
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University
摘要：Productive consumption adds to utility and income at the same time. The shadow price of a productive good is equal to its money price less its marginal product. As more of the good is consumed, its shadow price rises because of diminishing productivity, and the consumer's full income also rises because the marginal product is positive. This paper uses a simple method to derive the comparative statics of the demand system when shadow prices and full income are endogenous. The direction of the o...
-
作者：LANG, LHP; STULZ, RM
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：In this paper, we show that Tobin's q and firm diversification are negatively related throughout the 1980s. This negative relation holds for different diversification measures and when we control for other known determinants of q. Further, diversified firms have lower q's than comparable portfolios of pure-play firms. Firms that choose to diversify are poor performers relative to firms that do not, but there is only weak evidence that they have lower q's than the average firm in their industry...
-
作者：BRONARS, SG; DEERE, DR
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
-
作者：GREIF, A
摘要：Lacking an appropriate theoretical framework, economists and economic historians have paid little attention to the relations between culture and institutional structure. This limits the ability to address a question that seems to be at the heart of development failures: Why do societies fail to adopt the institutional structure of more economically successful ones? This paper integrates game-theoretical and sociological concepts to conduct a comparative historical analysis of the relations bet...
-
作者：EHRLICH, I; GALLAISHAMONNO, G; LIU, ZQ; LUTTER, R
作者单位：Universite de Orleans; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：We focus on the effect of state versus private ownership on the rates of firm-specific productivity growth and cost decline by developing a model of endogenous, firm-specific productivity growth and testing its implications against panel data on 23 international airlines of varying levels of state ownership over the period 1973-83. Our model and empirical results show that state ownership can lower the long-run annual rate of productivity growth or cost decline, but not necessarily their level...
