ANARCHY AND ITS BREAKDOWN
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
HIRSHLEIFER, J
刊物名称：
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
ISSN/ISSBN：
0022-3808
DOI：
10.1086/261974
发表日期：
1995
页码：
26-52
关键词：
摘要：
Anarchy, defined as a system in which participants can seize and defend resources without regulation from above, is not chaos but rather a spontaneous order. However, anarchy is fragile and may dissolve either into formless ''amorphy'' or into a more organized system such as hierarchy. Under anarchy, each contestant balances between productive exploitation of the current resource base and fighting to acquire or defend resources. Anarchy is sustainable only when there are strongly diminishing returns to fighting effort (the ''decisiveness parameter'' is sufficiently low) and incomes exceed the viability minimum. These considerations explain many features of animal and human conflict.
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