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作者：De Loecker, Jan; Warzynski, Frederic
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Aarhus University
摘要：In this paper, we develop a method to estimate markups using plant-level production data. Our approach relies on cost-minimizing producers and the existence of at least one variable input of production. The suggested empirical framework relies on the estimation of a production function and provides estimates of plant-level markups without specifying how firms compete in the product market. We rely on our method to explore the relationship between markups and export behavior. We find that marku...
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作者：Michalopoulos, Stelios
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：This study explores the determinants of ethnolinguistic diversity within as well as across countries, shedding light on its geographic origins. The empirical analysis conducted across countries, virtual countries, and pairs of contiguous regions establishes that geographic variability, captured by variation in regional land quality and elevation, is a fundamental determinant of contemporary linguistic diversity. The findings are consistent with the proposed hypothesis that differences in land ...
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作者：Benmelech, Efraim; Bergman, Nittai K.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Fitzgerald, Doireann
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：I use bilateral import data to test for and quantify the importance of trade costs and asset market frictions in explaining the failure of perfect international consumption risk sharing. I find that while frictions in international asset markets significantly impede optimal consumption risk sharing between developed and developing countries over the period 1970-2000, developed countries are close to optimal risk sharing with each other. Trade costs, in contrast, significantly impede risk shari...
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作者：Carlsson, Mikael; Skans, Oskar Nordstrom
作者单位：Sveriges Riksbank
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作者：Abbe, Emmanuel A.; Khandani, Amir E.; Lo, Andrew W.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Joskow, Paul L.; Wolfram, Catherine D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Simcoe, Timothy
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Voluntary Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) use a consensus process to create new compatibility standards. Practitioners have suggested that SSOs are increasingly politicized and perhaps incapable of producing timely standards. This article develops a simple model of standard setting committees and tests its predictions using data from the Internet Engineering Task Force, an SSO that produces many of the standards used to run the Internet. The results show that an observed slowdown in stan...
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作者：Rahman, David
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Suppose that providing incentives for a group of individuals in a strategic context requires a monitor to detect their deviations. What about the monitor's deviations? To address this question, I propose a contract that makes the monitor responsible for monitoring, and thereby provides incentives even when the monitor's observations are not only private, but costly, too. I also characterize exactly when such a contract can provide monitors with the right incentives to perform. In doing so, I e...
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作者：Hornbeck, Richard
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
