Science

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• A bite of expertise AI翻译
  作者：Childress, Luke
  作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
• Systematic identification of Y-chromosome gene functions in mouse spermatogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Subrini, Jeremie; Varsally, Wazeer; Balsells, Irina Balaguer; Bensberg, Maike; Sioutas, Georgios; Ojarikre, Obah; Maciulyte, Valdone; Gylemo, Bjoern; Crawley, Katharine; Courtis, Katherine; de Rooij, Dirk G.; Turner, James M. A.
  作者单位：Francis Crick Institute; Linkoping University; Linkoping University; Francis Crick Institute; Utrecht University; University of Amsterdam; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam
  摘要：The mammalian Y chromosome is essential for male fertility, but which Y genes regulate spermatogenesis is unresolved. We addressed this by generating 13 Y-deletant mouse models. In Eif2s3y, Uty, and Zfy2 deletants, spermatogenesis was impaired. We found that Uty regulates spermatogonial proliferation, revealed a role for Zfy2 in promoting meiotic sex chromosome pairing, and uncovered unexpected effects of Y genes on the somatic testis transcriptome. In the remaining single Y-gene deletants, sp...
• US agencies roll out free paper-access policies AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Organic ionic plastic crystals having colossal barocaloric effects for sustainable refrigeration AI翻译
  作者：Piper, Samantha L.; Melag, Leena; Kar, Mega; Sourjah, Azra; Xiao, Xiong; May, Eric F.; Aguey-Zinsou, Kondo-Francois; MacFarlane, Douglas R.; Pringle, Jennifer M.
  作者单位：Deakin University; University of Western Australia; University of Sydney; Monash University; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); CSIRO Mineral Resources
  摘要：Barocaloric (BC) materials offer the potential for highly energy-efficient refrigeration by generating heat absorption through the effect of pressure on a solid-solid phase transition. However, very few of the known materials have the required phase transition in the temperature regions necessary for domestic refrigeration or air conditioning. We introduce organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) as a new family of BC materials. OIPCs display subambient transition temperatures, so-called colossa...
• Water, Carbon, Time: Exploring Peatlands in a Warming World AI翻译
  作者：Boon, Sarah
• Chronic type II interferon promotes tumor growth through mitochondrial RNA-induced type I interferon and prostaglandin synthesis AI翻译
  作者：Johnson, Melissa A.; Varanasi, Siva Karthik; Mangalhara, Kailash Chandra; Lande, Kathryn; Rojas, Gladys R.; Esparza-Molto, Pau B.; Reynolds, Mack B.; Olliffe, Neva; Wessendorf-Rodriguez, Karl; Ghosh, Sagnika; Chen, Dan; Moyzis, Alexandra G.; Donnelly, Matthew P.; Chinn, Rebecca; Xu, Ziyan; Grae, Kym J.; Tripple, Victoria; LaPorta, Michael A.; Metallo, Christian M.; Hargreaves, Diana C.; Kaech, Susan M.; Shadel, Gerald S.
  作者单位：Salk Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Salk Institute; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester
  摘要：Interferons (IFNs) are proinflammatory cytokines that promote immune cell engagement to eliminate malignant cells. Paradoxically, chronic interferon signaling can also activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms that allow cancer cells to evade the immune system. In this study, we sought to determine the cellular mechanisms underlying this switch from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic interferon activity. We show that chronic type II interferon (IFN-II) exposure distinctively induced tumor growth by...
• Hierarchical sensory processing in zebrafish thalamocortical-like circuits AI翻译
  作者：Trinh, Anh-Tuan; Ostenrath, Anna Maria; del Castillo-Berges, Ignacio; Cachin, Fanchon; Koc, Mina; Kraus, Susanne; Serneels, Bram; Kawakami, Koichi; Yaksi, Emre
  作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Koc University; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Genetics (NIG) - Japan; Koc University
  摘要：Thalamocortical projections shape the functional regionalization and parallel sensory computations across the mammalian cortex. However, the principles of thalamocortical computations in nonmammalian vertebrates remain underexplored. In this work, we investigated how the zebrafish pallium, a homolog of the vertebrate cortex, receives and processes sensory information and how its architecture compares to thalamocortical circuits in other vertebrates. We revealed that the preglomerular complex (...
• Scientists challenge unexpected finding of lymphatic vessels in bone AI翻译
  作者：Offord, Catherine
• Life on the Octopus Farm AI翻译
  作者：King, Barbara J.
• A democracy tax in support of science AI翻译
  作者：Palfrey, John