Science

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• The emergence and demise of giant sloths AI翻译
  作者：Boscaini, Alberto; Casali, Daniel M.; Toledo, Nestor; Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Bargo, M. Susana; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Langer, Max C.; Narducci, Rachel; Pujos, Francois; Soto, Eduardo M.; Vizcaino, Sergio F.; Soto, Ignacio M.
  作者单位：Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of Buenos Aires; Universidade de Sao Paulo; National University of La Plata; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN); Universidad de Alcala; Leibniz Institut fur Evolutions und Biodiversitatsforschung; Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas; University of Toronto; Royal Ontario Museum; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
  摘要：The emergence of multi-tonne herbivores is a recurrent aspect of the Cenozoic mammalian radiation. Several of these giants have vanished within the past 130,000 years, but the timing and macroevolutionary drivers behind this pattern of rise and collapse remain unclear for some megaherbivore lineages. Using trait modeling that combines total-evidence evolutionary trees and a comprehensive size dataset, we show that sloth body mass evolved with major lifestyle shifts and that most terrestrial li...
• Turf algae redefine the chemical landscape of temperate reefs, limiting kelp forest recovery AI翻译
  作者：Farrell, Shane P.; Petras, Daniel; Stincone, Paolo; Yiu, Dara S.; Burns, John A.; Shah, Abzer Kelminal Pakkir; Hartmann, Aaron C.; Brady, Damian C.; Rasher, Douglas B.
  作者单位：Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of California System; University of California Riverside; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Harvard University
  摘要：In temperate regions experiencing rapid ocean warming, kelp forests are being replaced by chemically rich turf algae. However, the extent to which these turf algae alter the surrounding chemical environment or affect the rebound potential of kelp forests (through chemically mediated interactions) remains unknown. Here, we used underwater visual surveys, comprehensive chemical profiling, and laboratory experiments to reveal that turf algae release bioactive compounds into the water that fundame...
• Low-quality papers surge thanks to public data and AI AI翻译
  作者：O'Grady, Cathleen
• Deep learning-guided design of dynamic proteins AI翻译
  作者：Guo, Amy B.; Akpinaroglu, Deniz; Stephens, Christina A.; Grabe, Michael; Smith, Colin A.; Kelly, Mark J. S.; Kortemme, Tanja
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Wesleyan University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
  摘要：Deep learning has advanced the design of static protein structures, but the controlled conformational changes that are hallmarks of natural signaling proteins have remained inaccessible to de novo design. Here, we describe a general deep learning-guided approach for de novo design of dynamic changes between intradomain geometries of proteins, similar to switch mechanisms prevalent in nature, with atomic-level precision. We solve four structures that validate the designed conformations, demonst...
• Is a River Alive? AI翻译
  作者：Hannibal, Mary Ellen
• Actin organizes chromosomes and microtubules to ensure mitotic fidelity in the preimplantation embryo AI翻译
  作者：Hernandez, Blake; Tetlak, Piotr; Domingo-Muelas, Ana; Akizawa, Hiroki; Skory, Robin M.; Ardestani, Goli; Biro, Mate; Liu, Xiaolei; Bissiere, Stephanie; Sakkas, Denny; Plachta, Nicolas
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); EMBL Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Following fertilization, the preimplantation embryo undergoes successive rounds of cell division and must accurately propagate the genetic material to ensure successful development. However, early mammalian embryos lack efficient spindle assembly mechanisms, and it remains unclear how error-free chromosome segregation is achieved. In this work, we imaged early mouse embryos and identified a network of nuclear actin cables that organize prophase chromosomes at the nuclear periphery. Following n...
• NSF cuts reduced grantee diversity AI翻译
  作者：Mervis, Jeffrey
• AI-designed antibody candidates hit a crucial target AI翻译
  作者：Service, Robert F.
• Programmable gene insertion in human cells with a laboratory-evolved CRISPR-associated transposase AI翻译
  作者：Witte, Isaac P.; Lampe, George D.; Eitzinger, Simon; Miller, Shannon M.; Berrios, Kiara N.; McElroy, Amber N.; King, Rebeca T.; Stringham, Olivia G.; Gelsinger, Diego R.; Vo, Phuc Leo H.; Chen, Albert T.; Tolar, Jakub; Osborn, Mark J.; Sternberg, Samuel H.; Liu, David R.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Columbia University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Columbia University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Scripps Research Institute; Vertex Pharmaceuticals
  摘要：Programmable gene integration in human cells has the potential to enable mutation-agnostic treatments for loss-of-function genetic diseases and facilitate many applications in the life sciences. CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) catalyze RNA-guided DNA integration but thus far demonstrate minimal activity in human cells. Using phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE), we generated CAST variants with >200-fold average improved integration activity. The evolved CAST system (evoCAST) achie...
• Executive order on risky research brings confusion AI翻译
  作者：Kupferschmidt, Kai