Science

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• Agriculture and hot temperatures interactively erode the nest success of habitat generalist birds across the United States (Dec, 10.1126/science.adn2847, 2023) AI翻译
  作者：Lauck, K. S.
• Low voltage-driven high-performance thermal switching in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Chenhan; Si, Yangyang; Zhang, Hua; Wu, Chao; Deng, Shiqing; Dong, Yongqi; Li, Yijie; Zhuo, Meng; Fan, Ningbo; Xu, Bin; Lu, Ping; Zhang, Lifa; Lin, Xi; Liu, Xingjun; Yang, Juekuan; Luo, Zhenlin; Das, Sujit; Bellaiche, Laurent; Chen, Yunfei; Chen, Zuhuang
  作者单位：Nanjing Normal University; Harbin Institute of Technology; Southeast University - China; University of Science & Technology Beijing; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Soochow University - China; Nanjing Normal University; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Harbin Institute of Technology
  摘要：Effective control of heat transfer is vital for energy saving and carbon emission reduction. In contrast to achievements in electrical conduction, active control of heat transfer is much more challenging. Ferroelectrics are promising candidates for thermal switching as a result of their tunable domain structures. However, switching ratios in ferroelectrics are low (<1.2). We report that high-quality antiferroelectric PbZrO3 epitaxial thin films exhibit high-contrast (>2.2), fast-speed (<150 na...
• So Much Stuff: How Humans Discovered Tools, Invented Meaning, and Made More of Everything AI翻译
  作者：Robb, John
  作者单位：University of Cambridge
• Do tiny black holes from cosmic dawn hide within giant stars? AI翻译
  作者：Mann, Adam
  摘要：Idea could account for universe's mysterious dark matter
• Florida law blocks hiring of Chinese students AI翻译
  作者：Mervis, Jeffrey
• Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek's disease virus AI翻译
  作者：Fiddaman, Steven R.; Dimopoulos, Evangelos A.; Lebrasseur, Ophelie; du Plessis, Louis; Vrancken, Bram; Charlton, Sophy; Haruda, Ashleigh F.; Tabbada, Kristina; Flammer, Patrik G.; Dascalu, Stefan; Markovic, Nemanja; Li, Hannah; Franklin, Gabrielle; Symmons, Robert; Baron, Henriette; Daroczi-Szabo, Laszlo; Shaymuratova, Dilyara N.; Askeyev, Igor V.; Putelat, Olivier; Sana, Maria; Davoudi, Hossein; Fathi, Homa; Mucheshi, Amir Saed; Vahdati, Ali Akbar; Zhang, Liangren; Foster, Alison; Sykes, Naomi; Baumberg, Gabrielle Cass; Bulatovic, Jelena; Askeyev, Arthur O.; Askeyev, Oleg V.; Mashkour, Marjan; Pybus, Oliver G.; Nair, Venugopal; Larson, Greger; Smith, Adrian L.; Frantz, Laurent A. F.
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; KU Leuven; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of York - UK; University of London; University College London; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Tehran; Payame Noor University; Nanjing University; University of Exeter; University of Gothenburg; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); University of London; University of London Royal Veterinary College; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Pirbright Institute; University of Munich; University of London; Queen Mary University London
  摘要：The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate...
• Backpropagation-free training of deep physical neural networks AI翻译
  作者：Momeni, Ali; Rahmani, Babak; Mallejac, Matthieu; del Hougne, Philipp; Fleury, Romain
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Microsoft; Microsoft United Kingdom; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Engineering & Systems Sciences (INSIS); Universite de Rennes
  摘要：Recent successes in deep learning for vision and natural language processing are attributed to larger models but come with energy consumption and scalability issues. Current training of digital deep-learning models primarily relies on backpropagation that is unsuitable for physical implementation. In this work, we propose a simple deep neural network architecture augmented by a physical local learning (PhyLL) algorithm, which enables supervised and unsupervised training of deep physical neural...
• BREAKDOWNS OF THE YEAR AI翻译
  作者：Mervis, Jeffrey; Malakoff, David; Service, Robert F.; Kupferschmidt, Kai
• No room at the table AI翻译
  作者：Radlinski, Lauren C.; Baumler, Andreas J.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：The gut microbiota prevents infection by crowding out pathogens
• Emission and coherent control of Levitons in graphene AI翻译
  作者：Assouline, A.; Pugliese, L.; Chakraborti, H.; Lee, Seunghun; Bernabeu, L.; Jo, M.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Glattli, D. C.; Kumada, N.; Sim, H. -S; Parmentier, F. D.; Roulleau, P.
  作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); NTT, Inc
  摘要：Flying qubits encode quantum information in propagating modes instead of stationary discrete states. Although photonic flying qubits are available, the weak interaction between photons limits the efficiency of conditional quantum gates. Conversely, electronic flying qubits can use Coulomb interactions, but the weaker quantum coherence in conventional semiconductors has hindered their realization. In this work, we engineered on-demand injection of a single electronic flying qubit state and its ...