Science

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• Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement AI翻译
  作者：Dias, Sara Leite; Chuang, Ling; Liu, Shenyu; Seligmann, Benedikt; Brendel, Fabian L.; Chavez, Benjamin G.; Hoffie, Robert E.; Hoffie, Iris; Kumlehn, Jochen; Bueltemeier, Arne; Wolf, Johanna; Herde, Marco; Witte, Claus-Peter; D'Auria, John C.; Franke, Jakob
  作者单位：Leibniz Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung; Leibniz University Hannover; Leibniz University Hannover; Leibniz Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung; Leibniz University Hannover; Max Planck Society
  摘要：The defensive alkaloid gramine not only protects barley and other grasses from insects but also negatively affects their palatability to ruminants. The key gene for gramine formation has remained elusive, hampering breeding initiatives. In this work, we report that a gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP76M57, which we name AMI synthase (AMIS), enables the production of gramine in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reconstituted gramine prod...
• States in India survey caste membership AI翻译
  作者：Chandrashekhar, Vaishnavi
  摘要：Censuses, the first in a century, chart social changes and shape affirmative action programs
• BCG vaccination reduces bovine tuberculosis transmission, improving prospects for elimination AI翻译
  作者：Fromsa, Abebe; Willgert, Katriina; Srinivasan, Sreenidhi; Mekonnen, Getnet; Bedada, Wegene; Gumi, Balako; Lakew, Matios; Tadesse, Biniam; Bayissa, Berecha; Sirak, Asegedech; Girma Abdela, Musse; Gebre, Solomon; Chibssa, Tesfaye; Veerasami, Maroudam; Vordermeier, H. Martin; Bakker, Douwe; Berg, Stefan; Ameni, Gobena; Juleff, Nick; de Jong, Mart C. M.; Wood, James; Conlan, Andrew; Kapur, Vivek
  作者单位：Addis Ababa University; Addis Ababa University; University of Cambridge; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Henry Ford Health System; Animal & Plant Health Agency UK; Complutense University of Madrid; United Arab Emirates University; Leibniz Association; Bernhard Nocht Institut fur Tropenmedizin
  摘要：Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a routinely used vaccine for protecting children against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that comprises attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. BCG can also be used to protect livestock against M. bovis; however, its effectiveness has not been quantified for this use. We performed a natural transmission experiment to directly estimate the rate of transmission to and from vaccinated and unvaccinated calves over a 1-year exposure period. The results show a higher indirect ef...
• Strengthen the case for DEI AI翻译
  作者：Malcom, Shirley
  摘要：Three years ago, addressing racial justice in the United States moved firmly into the mainstream. Following the murder of George Floyd, the ongoing struggle for social justice was again laid bare, and pledges to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) began sprouting everywhere. Now, the pendulum is swinging back on these commitments. A backlash against DEI initiatives is rising across all sectors, especially at the state level. Last year's decision by the US Supreme Court to strike dow...
• On the Move: The Overheating Earth and the Uprooting of America AI翻译
  作者：Aczel, Miriam R.; Barak, Michalle E. Mor
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Southern California; University of Southern California
• Asian nations urged to share data AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Massive RNA sequencing effort proposed AI翻译
  作者：Pennisi, Elizabeth
  摘要：U.S. plan would harness the RNome for medicine and more-but funding is uncertain
• Overcoming limitations in propanedehydrogenation by codesigning catalyst-membrane systems AI翻译
  作者：Almallahi, Rawan; Wortman, James; Linic, Suljo
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Propylene production through propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is endothermic, and high temperatures required to achieve acceptable propane conversions lead to low selectivity and severe carbon-induced deactivation of conventional catalysts. We developed a catalyst-membrane system that removes the hydrogen by-product and can thus achieve propane conversions that exceed equilibrium limits. In this codesigned system, a silica/alumina (SiO2/Al2O3) hollow-fiber hydrogen membrane was packed with a sele...
• Report slams honesty researcher AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Determination of single-molecule loading rate during mechanotransduction in cell adhesion AI翻译
  作者：Jo, Myung Hyun; Meneses, Paul; Yang, Olivia; Carcamo, Claudia C.; Pangeni, Sushil; Ha, Taekjip
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：Cells connect with their environment through surface receptors and use physical tension in receptor-ligand bonds for various cellular processes. Single-molecule techniques have revealed bond strength by measuring rupture force, but it has long been recognized that rupture force is dependent on loading rate-how quickly force is ramped up. Thus, the physiological loading rate needs to be measured to reveal the mechanical strength of individual bonds in their functional context. We have developed...