Science

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• NIH's flat budget for 2024 will force 'very difficult decisions' AI翻译
  作者：Kaiser, Jocelyn
  摘要：Belated Senate and House compromise eliminates policy riders restricting certain studies Belated Senate and House compromise eliminates policy riders restricting certain studies
• A mitotic stopwatch determines cell fate AI翻译
  作者：Bertolin, Agustina P.; Gottifredi, Vanesa
  作者单位：Francis Crick Institute; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Leloir Institute
  摘要：Surveillance of mitotic timing prevents amplification of damaged cells Mitosis is a challenging time for cells owing to the potential for structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities, termed chromosomal instability, which is a hallmark of cancer (1). In M phase, chromosomal instability is prevented by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which delays cell cycle progression until chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules, ensuring proper separation into daughter cells (2). Rec...
• Bird virus appears in US cows AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Selection of experience for memory by hippocampal sharp wave ripples AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Wannan; Sun, Chen; Huszar, Roman; Hainmueller, Thomas; Kiselev, Kirill; Buzsaki, Gyorgy
  作者单位：New York University; New York University; Mila Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; New York University; NYU Langone Medical Center; New York University
  摘要：Experiences need to be tagged during learning for further consolidation. However, neurophysiological mechanisms that select experiences for lasting memory are not known. By combining large-scale neural recordings in mice with dimensionality reduction techniques, we observed that successive maze traversals were tracked by continuously drifting populations of neurons, providing neuronal signatures of both places visited and events encountered. When the brain state changed during reward consumpti...
• Transgenic marmosets mimic Parkinson's symptoms AI翻译
  作者：Normile, Dennis
  摘要：New monkey models promise insight into early stages of degenerative brain disease New monkey models promise insight into early stages of degenerative brain disease
• News at a glance AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Mechanism for feature learning in neural networks and backpropagation-free machine learning models AI翻译
  作者：Radhakrishnan, Adityanarayanan; Beaglehole, Daniel; Pandit, Parthe; Belkin, Mikhail
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bombay; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Understanding how neural networks learn features, or relevant patterns in data, for prediction is necessary for their reliable use in technological and scientific applications. In this work, we presented a unifying mathematical mechanism, known as average gradient outer product (AGOP), that characterized feature learning in neural networks. We provided empirical evidence that AGOP captured features learned by various neural network architectures, including transformer-based language models, co...
• Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements AI翻译
  作者：Wirthlin, Morgan E.; Schmid, Tobias A.; Elie, Julie E.; Zhang, Xiaomeng; Kowalczyk, Amanda; Redlich, Ruby; Shvareva, Varvara A.; Rakuljic, Ashley; Ji, Maria B.; Bhat, Ninad S.; Kaplow, Irene M.; Schaffer, Daniel E.; Lawler, Alyssa J.; Wang, Andrew Z.; Phan, BaDoi N.; Annaldasula, Siddharth; Brown, Ashley R.; Lu, Tianyu; Lim, Byung Kook; Azim, Eiman; Clark, Nathan L.; Meyer, Wynn K.; Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Chikina, Maria; Yartsev, Michael M.; Pfenning, Andreas R.
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Carnegie Mellon University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Salk Institute; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Lehigh University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Duke University; Allen Institute for Brain Science; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
  摘要：Vocal production learning (vocal learning) is a convergently evolved trait in vertebrates. To identify brain genomic elements associated with mammalian vocal learning, we integrated genomic, anatomical, and neurophysiological data from the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with analyses of the genomes of 215 placental mammals. First, we identified a set of proteins evolving more slowly in vocal learners. Then, we discovered a vocal motor cortical region in the Egyptian fruit bat, an e...
• Trust in science rose despite Trump AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Vaccines to control tuberculosis in cattle AI翻译
  作者：Michel, Anita L.
  作者单位：University of Pretoria
  摘要：The age-old cattle disease has resisted rigorous control, but the BCG vaccine may do better Tuberculosis (TB) has plagued humans around the globe for thousands of years and still causes 10 million new cases every year (1). The second leading cause of death from infectious disease in humans, TB also afflicts animals, both domestic and wild. Bovine TB in cattle causes socioeconomic implications as a result of decreased production, the compulsory slaughter of infected animals, and associated soci...