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• The evolutionary history of wild and domestic brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) AI翻译
  作者：Munshi-South, Jason; Garcia, Joseph A.; Orton, David; Phifer-Rixey, Megan
  作者单位：Drexel University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; University of York - UK; Drexel University
  摘要：The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) occupies nearly every terrestrial habitat with a human presence and is one of our most important model organisms. Despite this prevalence, gaps remain in understanding the evolution of brown rat commensalism, their global dispersal, and mechanisms underlying contemporary adaptations to diverse environments. In this Review, we explore recent advances in the evolutionary history of brown rats and discuss key challenges, including finding and accurately dating hi...
• Shots prevent HIV in at-risk men AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey; Servick, Kelly
• How a cat is like a (furry) pancake AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey; Servick, Kelly
• The prion principle and Alzheimer's disease Similarities to molecular mechanisms underlying prion diseases may help to refine Alzheimer's disease therapies AI翻译
  作者：Walker, Lary C.; Jucker, Mathias
  作者单位：Emory University; Emory University; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital; Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital
  摘要：Similarities to molecular mechanisms underlying prion diseases may help to refine Alzheimer's disease therapies
• Psychedelic research at a crossroads AI翻译
  作者：Armstrong, Stacey B.; Davis, Alan K.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：There is an urgent need to develop better treatments for mental health conditions that affect one in every eight people in the world. To combat this concern, psychedelic drugs have been combined with psychotherapy and studied in clinical trials in the United States and Europe. Psychedelics are hallucinogenic drugs that alter brain activity and facilitate altered states of consciousness. The proposed benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) include relatively short treatment times and str...
• The complex affective and cognitive capacities of rats AI翻译
  作者：Bartal, Inbal Ben-Ami
  作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University
  摘要：For several decades, although studies of rat physiology and behavior have abounded, research on rat emotions has been limited in scope to fear, anxiety, and pain. Converging evidence for the capacity of many species to share others' affective states has emerged, sparking interest in the empathic capacities of rats. Recent research has demonstrated that rats are a highly cooperative species and are motivated by others' distress to prosocial actions, such as opening a door or pulling a chain to ...
• Award honors health pioneer AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey; Servick, Kelly
• MAYEX is an old long noncoding RNA recruited for X chromosome dosage compensation in a reptile AI翻译
  作者：Tenorio, Mariela; Cruz-Ruiz, Samantha; Encarnacion-Guevara, Sergio; Hernandez, Magdalena; Corona-Gomez, Jose Antonio; Sheccid-Santiago, Fania; Serwatowska, Joanna; Lopez-Perdomo, Sinai; Flores-Aguirre, Cynthia D.; Arenas-Moreno, Diego M.; Ossiboff, Robert J.; Mendez-de-la-Cruz, Fausto; Fernandez-Valverde, Selene L.; Zurita, Mario; Oktaba, Katarzyna; Cortez, Diego
  作者单位：Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; CINVESTAV - Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional; Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney
  摘要：Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulatory elements of sex chromosomes that act to equalize gene expression levels between males and females. XIST, RSX, and roX2 regulate X chromosomes in placental mammals, marsupials, and Drosophila, respectively. Because the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) shows complete dosage compensation of its X chromosome, we tested whether a lncRNA was involved. We found an ancient lncRNA, MAYEX, that gained male-specific expression more than 89 million y...
• Claim of seafloor 'dark oxygen' faces doubts AI翻译
  作者：Voosen, Paul
  摘要：Mining companies and others skeptical that metallic nodules electrically split seawater
• Polyolefin waste to light olefins with ethylene and base-metal heterogeneous catalysts AI翻译
  作者：Conk, Richard J.; Stahler, Jules F.; Shi, Jake X.; Yang, Ji; Lefton, Natalie G.; Brunn, John N.; Bell, Alexis T.; Hartwig, John F.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The selective conversion of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and mixtures of these two polymers to form products with high volume demand is urgently needed because current methods suffer from low selectivity, produce large quantities of greenhouse gases, or rely on expensive, single-use catalysts. The isomerizing ethenolysis of unsaturated polyolefins could be an energetically and environmentally viable route to propylene and isobutylene; however, noble-metal homogeneous catalysts and an...